Variations value

Figure 14-4A. Oscillogram shows variation of current to a synchronous motor driving a reciprocating compressor, The compressor is two-cylinder, horizontal, double-acting, and operates at 257 rpm. Line A is the envelope of the current wave. Difference B-C is current variation. Value B-C divided by the rated full load current is the percentage of current variation. (Used by permission Oscarson, G. L. E-M Synchronizer, 200 SYN 52, p. 11. Dresser-Rand Company.)...

The coefficient of variation value expresses the same relationship as a percentage and indicates that 68% of the replicate readings lie within the range ot the mean value 10.3% of the mean value. 

Systematic variation is a variation that maintains its structure from sample to sample. Examples of systematic variation in CMP include within-die (WID) variation and some elements of WIW variation such as edge thickness roll-off. WID and edge roll-off are considered systematic because the thickest and thinnest points on the die/wafer are predictable. Systematic variation adds directly to the total variation. Hence, systematic effects will have a greater impact on thickness variation. In general, for CMP processes, WID and edge variation values are greater than random components. For these two reasons, systematic effects tend to be the focus of CMP thickness control efforts. 

Unfortunately, to determine these conditional probability values, i.e. confirm that a particular group is characterized by a specific set of variate values, involves the analysis of all potential samples in the parent population. This is obviously unrealistic in practice, and it is necessary to apply Bayes theorem which provides an indirect means of estimating the conditional probability,... 

For B in silicon and Al in germanium, the parameters A and / (see text) of the short-range potential are obtained from the experimental ground state energies. The last column gives the non-variational values of [36] for a point-centre acceptor a Given as ir7 + in [36]... 

For normally distributed variates, values of greater than 3 seldom occur, and values greater than 4 occur very rarely (once in about 10,000 observations). It is usual to consider that if an isolated value greater than 2 is obtained there is some doubt as to whether it represents an observation from a normal population with the given mean and standard deviation. The odds against finding such a value in a single trial are about 19 to 1. 

The reported stoichiometry of ATP consumed per 2e transferred has shown considerable variation values as high as 4-5 have been obtained with most N2ase preparations (34, 35, 36), although recently values of two or less have been reported (37, 38). Calculated values as low as one have been obtained in vivo (39, 40), suggesting that higher values for the isolated N2ase, tested in vitro, may be physiologically atypical. 

Since the width factor Q is in this case the dynamical variable, the centroid frequency can be obtained from Q through the one-dimensional versions of Eqs. (3.74) and (3.75). The optimal variational value for Q is obtained by setting Eq. (3.80) equal to zero and self-consistently solving for Q. For a given centroid initial condition, this value of Q would provide the initial condition for the variable Q in the extended Lagrangian simulation. 

Figure 8.3 illustrates this point and shows the variation in the cross-section values for these molecules compared with a representative MBL solar (actinic) flux variation (values corresponding to cloud-free sky, overhead sun conditions - see Saiz-Lopez et ai, 2004) with wavelength. 

Values are expressed as coefficients of variation (%). Values are from Beckman (90) and Borgstrom (91). 

Here, demands are assumed to be deterministic. In reality, manufacturers resort to safety stocks because of the uncertainty in demands. If we approximate the cumulative distribution value for meeting the demand, i.e. normally distributed, we can add safety stock to our demands to be used as new gross requirements. For example, if we want to meet the demand (normally distributed) for toy laptop each week with a probability of 95 %. Then average demand + standard deviation times 1.65 (standard normal variate value) will give the new gross requirements. 

Table 3.5 shows the elements of the density matrix and the corresponding electronic energy as a function of the iteration number. As the iterations proceed, charge builds up around H and decreases around He. To provide a variational value of the energy at each iteration, the formula... 

All the thickness variation values measured at the seven selected points (see Figure 10.8) of the three types of 3D warp interlock fabrics are summarized in Table 10.2. 

In Table 1, we have shown that Type A latex glove has the lowest maximum-minimum area variation value compared to Type B and Type C. From Figure 4(a), we can clearly observe that the Type A glove is less blue than other two types in terms of intensity. This shows that it contains less protein than the others. 

From the calculation of the variation of entropy of a chain (see Chapter 6) as a function of the temperature, Tg is defined as the temperature at which the conformational entropy is equal to zero. The diagram in Figure 11.5 schematically illustrates the corresponding variation. Values of Tg determined by this method are approximately lower by 55°C than those commonly used. 

Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measures the frequencies of the molecular vibrations, and thus may be used to identify molecules. Its surface sensitivity arises from the fact that electrons of about 5 eV in energy are used. These have a short mean free path in matter. The scattering lengths have been extensively studied in inorganic solids (1), but the information depths reported for organic solids show wide variations. Values as different as about 2.5 nm (2) and 0.4 nm (3) have been reported. We shall attempt to understand this discrepancy. 

The median is a statistical parameter representing the middle of a distribution half the variate values are above the median and half are below the median. The median is less sensitive to extreme variate values than the mean, and therefore a better measure than the mean for highly skewed distributions. The median score of a test is usually more representative than the mean score of the class of how well the average students did on the test. The set of numbers 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, and 12 have a mean of 6 and a median of 7. The mode is the statistical parameter that represents the most frequently occurring variate value in a distribution and is used as a measure of central tendency. 

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