View cell, variable volume

Pig. 9. Schematic drawiag of a typical stainless steel variable-volume view cell having a movable internal piston. The outside diameter of the cell is 5.08 cm ... 

New solvents should be examined for compatibility with photochemistry. Laser light scattering is used with a variable-volume view cell in an almost fully automated setup for accurately determining the phase behavior of pure or mixed fluids. The automated light-scattering techniqne yields good data, is relatively quick, and is non-labor inten-... 

Measuring P-V-T Phase Behavior with a Variable Volume View Cell 141... 

Spectroscopic and phase behavior studies were conducted using a fixed path length cell. Pressure was increased by adding pure solvent to the cell, so molar concentrations were constant while mole fractions varied. Additional phase behavior studies and solubility studies were conducted in a variable volume view cell, based on an existing design(24), in which mole fractions were held constant but molarities varied. 

The magnetically-stirred variable volume view cell apparatus, which was used to measure solubilities, is shown in Figure 2. The 2 in. o.d. x 5/8 in. i.d. 304 ss cell (28 mL usable volume) contained a 1 in. diameter by 3/8 in. thick sapphire window. A piston with two 90-durometer buna-N o-rings separated the experimental fluid from the pressurizing fluid, C02- Pressure was controlled by a 175 mL Lee Scientific model 501 computer controlled syringe pump. The view cell... 

Figure 2. Variable-volume view cell apparatus with microsampling...

Hvdroquinone The ability of AOT/co-surfactant to solubilize non-ionic hydrophiles in ethane was tested using l,4-dihydroxybenzene(hydroquinone, HQ). To improve aggregation, octane and octanol were utilized based on the above results. Before measuring solubilities, phase boundaries were determined using the variable volume view cell. Octanol was more effective than octane for forming a one-phase system (not counting the solid phase). For Wq = 10, the system became one-phase at 145 bar for 3.6 mole % octanol and at 195 bar for 6.2 mole % (AOT = 0.62 mole %). 

FIGURE 6 Variable-volume view cell for use in the static/synthetic method of solubility measurement. Components follow variable volume ceU (1), screw pump (2), magnetic stirrer (3), magnetic bar (4), upper sampling line (5), lower sampling line (6), sapphire window (7), thermostated bath (8), light som-ce (9), video camera (10), and monitor (11). (From Crampton, C., Charbit, G., and Neau, E., J. Supercrit. Fluids, 16(1), 11-20, 1999, reproduced with permission from Elsevier.)... 

Vapor-liquid systems, modeling, 110-113 Vaporization process, 138-139 Variable-volume view cell apparatus, 93 Venier, C. G, 325 Villard, P., 20 Vinyl chloride, 319 Viscosity effects, 325-326 Vitzthum, O., 296... 

The simplified scheme of a variable volume view cell is shown in Figure 2.1-12 (D.B. Robinson and Associates, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) [47,49]. The cell is rated to 200 °C and 700 bar. Mixing is accomplished by mechanically rocking the entire cell. The main component is the thick-walled, hollow... 

Figure 2.4-1 Tandem variable-volume view cell tensiometer for measuring the interfacial tension by the pendant drop technique TC = temperature controller PG = pressure gauge.

Figure 2.4-3 Apparatus based upon a variable-volume view cell with a computer-controlled ISCO syringe pump. Type A recirculation mode for adding or removing solutions, emulsification through a capillary, and/or optical access. Type B reciprocating pump for turbidimetry studies of latexes or suspensions.

Reactions in microemulsions and emulsions have been performed in a stainless steel variable-volume view cell (2 in. (5.1 cm) o.d., 11/16 in. (1.7 cm) i.d., 35.2 mL total volume), equipped with a piston and a sapphire window (1 in. (2.5 cm) diameter by 3/8 in. (0.95 cm) thick) [44,55]. Water, nucleophile (e.g. KBr), surfactant (0.5 wt. %), and an internal standard were added to the cell. The cell was sealed with the sapphire window, pressurized with a known amount of CO2 from an ISCO pump, and heated to the desired temperature. An emulsion was formed as discussed above by recirculating the contents of the vessel (mixed with a teflon-coated magnetic stir bar) through a 0.254 mm diameter by 5 cm long steel capillary tube with a... 

Figure 4.2-3 shows the variable-volume view-cell. This cell is used as a general purpose mixing vessel, reservoir and reactor, depending on the particular reaction under study. It has a piston sealed with an elastomer O-ring, which can be moved by applying a pressure of CO2. The original version of this... 

Figure 4.2-7 Layout of the reactor for the synthesis and isolation of CpMn(CO)2(n -H2) from CpMn(CO)3 and H2 in SCCO2. The components are labeled as in Figure 4.2-6 with additional items as follows C, control valve DU, gas dosage unit (NWA) H2, hydrogen cylinder IR, infrared cell P, solid product, CpMn(CO)2(ii -H2) PC, pneumatic compressor (NWA Model CU105) R, variable volume view-cell containing a solution of CpMn(CO)3 in an H2/SCCO2 mixture S, mixer with magnetic stirrer (Kontron M491). (Reproduced with permission from J. A. Banister, P. D. Lee, M. Poliakoff, Organometallics 1995, 14, 3876 American Chemical Society).

Figure 4.2-8 Layout of the semiflow reactor for the synthesis and isolation of Cp Mn(CO)2(tl -H2) from Cp Mn(CO)2 L ( L = labile ligand) and H2 in SCCO2. The reactor is very similar to that shown in Figure 4.2-7 but without the UV photolysis cell. Here the variable volume view-cell R is used as a thermal reactor. All other components are labeled as in Figures 4.2-6 and 4.2-7 (reproduced with permission from P. D. Lee, J. L. King, S. Seebald, M. Poliakoff, Organometallics 1998, 77, 524 American Chemical Society).

Figure 6. A (Left) Variable-volume view cell with two sapphire windows (W), a movable position (P) and position sensor (LVDT). B (right). Demixing pressures for solutions of polydimethylsiloxane (Mw = 94,300 and Mw/Mn = 3) in supercritical carbon dioxide at different concentrations.

Licence, R, DeUar, M.P., Wilson, R.G.M. et al. (2004) Large-aperture variable-volume view cell for the determination of phase-equilibria in high pressure systems and supercritical fluids. Review of Scientific Instruments, 75, 3233—3236. 

The static analytic method with sampling was used for the vapour liquid equilibrium measurements using a variable volume view cell (New Ways of Analytics, Germany) presented in Fig. 15.1.COMP Please maintain Figure citation as per the MS in order to maintain sequence for reference citation.OK. 

Fig. 24.5 Variable volume view cell left) Schematic representation of the VCP measurement technique along a mixing line in a ternary diagram (right, from [1])...

---