Vapor-liquid separators Splashing

The heating surface usually determines the evaporator cost and the vapor head the space requirements. The vapor—liquid separator must have enough horizontal plan area to allow the bulk of the initial entrainment to settle back against the rising flow of vapor and enough height to smooth out variations in vapor velocity and to prevent splashing directly into the vapor outlet. Separators are usually sized on the basis of the Souders-Brown expression ... 

Product losses in evaporator vapor may result from foaming, splashing, or entrainment. Primary separation of liquid from vapor is accomplished in the vapor head by making the horizontal plan area large... 

In a distillation where liquid is to be separated from a nonvolatile solute, the vapor pressure of the liquid is lowered by the presence of the solute, but the vapor phase consists of only one component.Thus, except for the incidental transfer of non-volatile material by splashing, the material condensed should consist only of the volatile component (see Experiment [3A]). 

In a distillation where a liquid is separated from a nonvolatile solute, the vapor pressure of the Uquid is lowered by the presence of the solute, but the vapor phase consists only of the pure liquid component. Thus, except for the transfer of nonvolatile material by incidental splashing the material condensed in the coUar of the Hickman stUl should consist only of the volatile component. In the present experiment this component is ethyl acetate. The temperature of the vial and contents being distiUed wUl rise during the distUlation process, since the concentration of the impurity is increasing as the volatile liquid is removed. This effect lowers the vapor pressure of the liquid. However, the boiling point of the liquid remains constant, since only the pure liquid component is being vaporized. 

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