Vapor evaluated literature data

Evaluated Literature Data for the Vapor Pressure of Phosphoric Acid in the Temperature Range between 25 and 170 °C... 

Rard (1992) reported the results of isopiestic vapor-pressure measurements for the aqueous solution of high-purity NiCl2 solution form 1.4382 to 5.7199 mol/kg at 298.1510.005 K. Based on these measurements he calculated the osmotic coefficient of aqueous NiCb solutions. He also evaluated other data from the literature and finally presented a set of smoothed osmotic coefficient and activity of water data (see Table IV in original reference). 

Extensions beyond the data base of (2) are largely untested and include additions to PITZER.DATA for (1) the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions containing Fe(II), Mn(II), Sr +, Ba2+, Li+, and Br (2) the estimation of the temperature dependence of many of the single-salt parameters from selected literature data and (3) the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of NaCl solutions to approximately 300 °C along the vapor pressure curve of water beyond 100 C (18)-Except for the NaCl-H20 system, the PHRQPITZ aqueous model should not be used outside the temperature range 0 to 60 C. Several recent evaluations of the temperature dependence of Pitzer interaction parameters to relatively high temperatures (19-21) have not yet been incorporated in the PHRQPITZ data base. 

To calculate the multicomponent vapor-liquid equilibrium, equilibrium constants for chemical reactions 1-9 are taken from literature in comparison to the original publication, in the present work different numerical values for the second dissociations of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide were chosen (cf. Appendix III). Henry s constants are evaluated from single solute solubility data without neglecting Poynting corrections ... 

Measurements of binary vapor-liquid equilibria can be expressed in terms of activity coefficients, and then correlated by the Wilson or other suitable equation. Data on all possible pairs of components can be combined to represent the vapor-liquid behavior of the complete mixture. For exploratory purposes, several rapid experimental techniques are applicable. For example, differential ebulliometry can obtain data for several systems in one laboratory day, from which infinite dilution activity coefficients can be calculated and then used to evaluate the parameters of correlating equations. Chromatography also is a well-developed rapid technique for vapor-liquid equilibrium measurement of extractive distillation systems. The low-boiling solvent is deposited on an inert carrier to serve as the adsorbent. The mathematics is known from which the relative volatility of a pair of substances can be calculated from the effluent trace of the elutriated stream. Some of the literature of these two techniques is cited by Walas (1985, pp. 216-217). 

Chronic-Duration Exposure and Cancer. Data concerning chronic exposures of humans to DEHP were not identified in the available literature. A chronic inhalation MRL was not derived from the data from the one existing chronic animal inhalation study due to the limited number of end points that were evaluated (longevity and cancer incidence). Due to the fact that the vapor pressure of DEHP is very low and the impact on body burden of DEHP following inhalation and dermal exposure is expected to be minimal relative to oral exposure, specific studies of chronic inhalation exposures to DEHP are not recommended at this time. 

Because of this lack of evaluated data, in this chapter a literature survey of vapor pressure and conductivity data with emphasis on the temperature and composition range relevant for fuel cell applications is presented. 

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