Evaluation of Literature Data

The requirement for the evaluation was that both, in-situ degradation rates and redox chemical information were available. Initially, we screened 46 references on field studies with respect to these variables. 27 of the references contained redoxchemical information and from only 13 studies also in-situ degradation rates were available. The discussion in this paper is based on the following 13 studies  

Buscheck, T O Reilly, K. T. (1999) Intrinsic anaerobic biotransformation of chlorinated solvents at a manufacturing plant. In Natural Attenuation of Fuels and Chlorinated Solvents in the Subsurface (Eds. Wiedemeier, T. H. Rifai, H. S. Newell, C. J. Wilson, J. T), John Wiley, New York, pp. 529-535. 

Buscheck, T. E. O Reilly, K. T. (1997) Intrinsic anaerobic biodegradation of chlorinated solvents at a manufacturing plant. In In-situ and on-site Bioremediation (Eds. Alleman, B. C. Leeson, A.), Volume 3, Bioremediation 4(3), Batelle Press, Columbus, pp.149-154. 

Chapelle, F. H. (1996) Identifying redox conditions that favour the natural attenuation of chlorinated ethenes in contaminated ground water systems. In Proceedings of Symposium on Natiual Attenuation of chlorinated Organics in Ground Water, Dallas, Texas, Sept.1996, EPA/540/R-96/509,pp.l7-20. 

Edwards, E. Lehmicke, L. Major, D. (1995) Intrinsic bioremediation of trichlorethylene and trichlorethane in a sequential anaerobic-aerobic aquifer. In Intrinsic Bioremediation (Eds. Hinchee, R. E. Wilson, J. T Downey, D. C.), Battelle Press, Columbus, pp. 223-231. 

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R. M. Borges dos Santos, J. A. Martinho Simoes. Energetics of the O-H Bond in Phenol and Substituted Phenols A Critical Evaluation of Literature Data. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 1998,27, 707-739. 

Iyengar V, Woittiez J. 1988. Trace elements in human clinical specimens Evaluation of literature data to identify reference values. ClinChem 34(3) 474-481. 

Evaluation of literature data on the correlation between the particle Peclct number (also referred to as Bodenstcin number) and particle Reynolds number for single phase and trickle flow yielded Fig. 6. At low Rep (<20) a value between 0.3 and 0.7 holds for single phase flow, whereas for trickle flow this is one order of magnitude lower. These conditions are usually encountered in small scale laboratory reactors. 

D.A. Dzombak, F.M.M. Morel, Surface Complexatton Modelling Hydrous Ferric Oxide, Wiley (1990). (Compilation of surface complexation constants obtained after critical evaluation of literature data, using the method of the "generalized two-layer model".)... 

Only a few compilations and reviews have been published on the thermodynamic data of Ni(II) hydrolysis. Baes and Mesmer [76BAE/MES] have critically reviewed the available experimental data, and provided recommended values for / = 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 mol kg. A slightly different set of stability constants has been recommended by Smith and Martell [76SMI/MAR] in their compilation. In a recent review of Plyasunova et al. [98PLY/ZHA], critical evaluations, and in some cases re-evaluations, of literature data have been carried out, using the SIT approach. The values selected by these authors are given in Appendix A. 

In the present review the role of supported metal ion - metal nanocluster ensemble sites in activity and selectivity control of different catalytic reactions will be discussed. Evaluation of literature data and interpretation of author s recent results obtained in the activation of different organic carbonyl compounds, nitriles, and the CO molecule will be given. The catalytic performance of metallic nanoclusters promoted by metal ions or reducible metal oxides will be discussed in separate chapters according to the type of metal forming the nanocluster. 

Table 6.6 lists the high pressure limit kinetic parameters for the elementary reaction steps in this complex phenyl + O2 reaction system. These parameters are derived from the canonical transition state theory, the statistical mechanics from the DFT and ab initio data and from evaluation of literature data. Rate constants to all channels illustrated are calculated as function of temperature at different pressure. A reduced mechanism is proposed in Appendix F for the Phenyl + O2 system, for a temperature range of 600K different pressures 0.01 atm, 0.1 atm, latm, and 10 atm. 

R. Villota, I. Saguy, and M. Karel, Storage stability of dehydrated food Evaluation of literature data, J. Food Quarterly, 3 123 (1980). 

Eduljee s [19] correlation of literature data appears to offer a route to evaluating the effect of entrainment on tray spacing and efficiency. It is suggested as another check on other methods. Figure 8-117 may be used as recommended ... 

In order to make any practical use of this equation, a good deal of experimental data are usually required for a ternary system, and it will be found that, at present, such data are seldom available in the literature. The methods of evaluation of such data are fully described in the works of Chipman and Elliott and of Schuhmann . 

Volume 1 of Advances in Photochemistry appeared in 1963. The stated purpose of the series was to explore the frontiers of photochemistry through the medium of chapters written by pioneers who are experts. The editorial policy has always been to solicit articles from scientists who have strong personal points of view, while encouraging critical discussions and evaluations of existing data. In no sense have the articles been simply literature surveys, although in some cases they may have also fulfilled that purpose. 

Some equations frequently used in evaluation of experimental data are given in this chapter. Their theoretical background and mathematical derivations can be found in cited literature. 

Weiss (1970a) reviewed and evaluated the literature data then available for N2, 02, and Ar and fitted them to a smooth functional dependence. His results are reported in terms of the Bunsen coefficient j5, defined as the quantity of gas (in cm3 STP) dissolved in unit volume (1 cm3) under unit partial pressure (1 atm). Pure water data were fitted to an integrated van t Hoff equation ... 

Hie evaluation of the data yields Rjy Nj, and Sjy i.e., the near-range order parameters of the material seen from the absorber atom. XAS permits the evaluation of the near-range order in the vicinity of the atoms of various elements of one specimen if the energies of their absorption edges are different enough and thus are well separated within the spectrum. It should be mentioned that XAS in reflection looks similar to XAS in transmission mode, however it is different and the evaluation of measurements requires the comparison with reflectivity data calculated form transmission EXAFS spectra. These evaluation procedures involving Kramers-Kronig transform are described in the literature [i-v]. 

We have asked these authors to present their points of view through critical discussion and evaluation of existing data. In no sense have the articles been simply literature surveys although in some cases they have fulfilled both purposes. 

Sigma values are routinely obtained for analyses performed in our laboratory. However, we are utilizing a considerable amount of literature data to evaluate the role of various solid phases as effective solubility controls. These data rarely contain either sigma values or the data from which they can be calculated. Therefore, we have resorted to use of twice the uncertainty resulting from rounding of the analytical values as a minimum estimate of the analytical uncertainty. These are not distinguished in the model from true sigma values. 

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