Valproate/valproic acid

May Increase or Decrease Phenytoin Serum Levels Phenobarbital, sodium valproate, valproic acid... 

Khidr S. Preparation and evaluatiem of controlled-release sodium valproate/valproic acid (valdisoval) tablets. Bull Pharm Sci 2003 26(Part 2) 179-86. 

Valproate (valproic acid) Treats absence and tonic-clonic seizures... 

The serum levels of carbamazepine are usually only slightly affected by sodium valproate, valproic acid or valpromide but a moderate to marked rise in the levels of its active metabolite, car-bamazepine-10,11-epoxide may occur. 

Divalproex sodium is comprised of sodium valproate and valproic acid. The delayed-release and extended-release formulations are converted in the small intestine into valproic add, which is the systemically absorbed form. It was developed as an antiepileptic drug, but also has efficacy for mood stabilization and migraine headaches. It is FDA-approved for the treatment of the manic phase of bipolar disorder. It is generally equal in efficacy to lithium and some other drugs for bipolar mania. It has particular utility in bipolar disorder patients with rapid cycling, mixed mood features, and substance abuse comorbidity. Although not FDA-approved for relapse prevention, studies support this use, and it is widely prescribed for maintenance therapy. Divalproex can be used as monotherapy or in combination with lithium or an antipsychotic drug.31... 

Valproic Acid and Sodium Valproate Comprehensive Profile... 

Valproic acid 2-Propylvaleric acid 2-Propylpentanoic acid di-w-Propylacetic acid Sodium valproate Sodium 2-propylvalerate Sodium 2-propylpentanoate Sodium di-w-propylacetic acid Sodium di-w-propylacetate... 

Nonproprietary names Valproic acid, Sodium valproate... 

Valproic acid Abbott-44089 Sodium valproate Abbott-44090... 

The USP solutions of valproic acid and sodium valproate, which are prepared with the aid of sodium hydroxide, have a pH of 7-8 [3]. 

Valproic acid and sodium valproate have no optical activity. 

Sodium valproate does not melt, decompose, or physically change in the normal working range of the Thomas Hoover capillary melting point apparatus [5]. Valproic acid boils at 120-121 °C [2]. 

The infrared absorption spectrum of sodium valproate and valproic acid were obtained in a KBr disc using a Perkin-Elmer infrared spectrophotometer. The infrared spectra of sodium valproate and valproic acid are shown in Figs. 4A and... 

B, respectively. The infrared absorption bands assignments for sodium valproate and valproic acids are shown in Table 2(A) and (B), respectively. 

Fig. 4. (A) The infrared absorption spectrum of sodium valproate obtained in a KBr pellet. (B) The infrared absorption spectrum of valproic acid obtained in a KBr pellet.

The European Pharmacopoeia [11] contains methods to determine ten impurities in valproic acid and sodium valproate ... 

Valproic Acid and Sodium Valproate Comprehensive Profile Table 4. 13C NMR assignments for sodium valproate... 

Valproic acid has been determined in human serum using capillary electrophoresis and indirect laser induced fluorescence detection [26], The extract is injected at 75 mbar for 0.05 min onto a capillary column (74.4 cm x 50 pm i.d., effective length 56.2 cm). The optimized buffer 2.5 mM borate/phosphate of pH 8.4 with 6 pL fluorescein to generate the background signal. Separation was carried out at 30 kV and indirect fluorescence detection was achieved at 488/529 nm. A linear calibration was found in the range 4.5 144 pg/mL (0 = 0.9947) and detection and quantitation limits were 0.9 and 3.0 pg/mL. Polonski et al. [27] described a capillary isotache-phoresis method for sodium valproate in blood. The sample was injected into a column of an EKI 02 instrument for separation. The instrument incorporated a conductimetric detector. The mobile phase was 0.01 M histidine containing 0.1% methylhydroxycellulose at pH 5.5. The detection limit was 2 pg/mL. 

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