Vacuum-ultraviolet radiation

Hepburn J W 1995 Generation of coherent vacuum ultraviolet radiation applications to high-resolution photoionization and photoelectron spectroscopy Laser Techniques in Chemistry vol 23, ed A B Myers and T R Rizzo (New York Wley) pp 149-83... 

There have been remarkable advances in synchrotron radiation research and related experimental techniques in the range from the vacuum ultraviolet radiation to soft X-ray, where the most important part of the magnitudes of these cross-section values is observed, as shown below. Therefore, it is also concluded that synchrotron radiation can bridge a wide gap in the energy scale between photochemistry and radiation chemistry. Such a situation of synchrotron radiation as a photon source is summarized in Fig. 1 [5,6]. 

The real-photon method is essentially more direct and easier compared to the dipole-simulation method in obtaining absolute values of photoabsorption cross sections (o ), photoionization cross sections and photoionization quantum yields (t],). In the real-photon method, however, there is a practical need to use the big and dedicated facilities of synchrotron radiation where, in many cases, one should change the beam lines equipped with different types of monochromators depending on used photon-wavelengths—and to develop some specific new experimental techniques in the range from the vacuum ultraviolet radiation to soft X-ray. 

Ito, T. Saito, M. Effects of vacuum ultraviolet radiation on deoxyoligonucleotides in solids in the wavelength region around and above ionization potential—With special reference to the chain scission. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 1991, 37 (5/6), 681. 

Photoionization and Photodissociation of Aromatic Molecules by Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation... 

C. Backx and M. J. Van der Wiel, in E. E. Koch, R. Haensel, and C. Kunz, Eds., Proceedings of the IVth International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics, Hamburg, 1974, p. 137. Pergamon/Vieweg. 

SiH2 is also believed to contribute to film growth when vacuum ultraviolet radiation is employed to decompose silane, thus avoiding both high temperatures and plasma damage388. These conditions produce SiH, SiPE and H atoms as primary dissociation products in unknown ratios388. 

Winters TA, Weinfeld M, Jorgensen TJ (1992) Human HeLa cell enzymes that remove phosphoglyco-late 3 -end groups from DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 20 2573-2580 Wirths A, Jung H (1972) Single-strand breaks induced in DNA by vacuum-ultraviolet radiation. Pho-tochem Photobiol 15 325-330... 

Wendin, G. Vacuum ultraviolet radiation physics. Koch, E. E., Haensel, R., Kunz, C. (eds.), p. 225. Braunschweig Pergamon/Vieweg 1974... 

The work of Neuimin and Terenin86 on the photolysis of water is to be regarded as classical. They studied the near ultraviolet emission produced when H20 is subjected to vacuum ultraviolet radiation from a hydrogen discharge. They associated the emission correctly with an electronic transition of the OH free radical. The energetics of the dissociation of water are presented in Table XII. 

Sasanuma, M. "Third International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics" Physical Society of Japan Tokyo, 1971 paper lpAl-6. 

The reverse of upconversion is downconversion, where each quantum of (vacuum) ultraviolet radiation is converted to several quanta of infrared or visible radiation (quantum cutting) [386]. For example, the highest energy emission for the excitation of Cs2LiTmCl6 Nd31 by 476.9 nm radiation is below ca. 11,300 cm-1, since the cross-relaxation of 4G4 Tm3+ level leads to the excitation of Tm3+ 3H5 and Nd3+ 4F3/2 [344]. 

P. Rabe K. Radler and H.W. Wolf (1974) Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics Pergammon, Braunschweig, page 247... 

M. Richter (1993) Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (Paris July 27-31 1992) Eds. F.J. Wuilleumier Y. Petroff and I. Nenner World Scientific,... 

Spectra with higher resolution are now available. The development of new experimental techniques such as tunable, vacuum ultraviolet radiation, generated by gas-phase four-wave-mixing processes, permits the resolution of rotational structure. 

An important contribution to the theoretical model formation originates from the use of vacuum-ultraviolet radiation from a synchrotron source [6). It was shown that photostimulable centers in BaFBr Fu can be created by irradiation into the vacuum-ultraviolet region (> 6.7 eV), i.e. in the excitonic and interband region of the host lattice. 

Damany, N., Vodar, B., Romand, J. (eds.) Some aspects of vacuum ultraviolet radiation physics. Oxford Pergamon 1974... 

Vasilets, VN. (2005), Modification of Physical Chemical and Biological Properties of Polymer Materials Using Gas-Discharge Plasma and Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation, Dr. Sci. Dissertation, Institute of Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. 

Information about the degradation pathways occurring in polyolefins exposed to vacuum-ultraviolet radiation (VUV) were obtained by MALDI-TOF analysis of oligomers formed by VUV photolysis of linear C36-alkane. ° Both molar masses and end-groups of degradation product were studied. 

Weidner, S., Hollander, A., and Kuhn, G., Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Csg-Alkane Following Degradation by Vacuum-ultraviolet Radiation, Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom., 11, 447,1997. 

Similar in principle to XPS, but the sample is irradiated with vacuum ultraviolet radiation (10-45 eV) which is only capable of ionizing electrons from the outermost (valence) levels of atoms. Typically used to determine the electronic stmcture of solids and the adsorption of relatively simple molecules on metals... 

Pajasova, L., (1971), Third Int. Conf. on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics, Tokyo, Japan. 

Marangos JP, Shen N, Al HME (1990) Broadly tunable vacuum-ultraviolet radiation source employing resonant enhanced sum-frequency mixing in krypton. J Opt Soc Am B 7 1254-1259... 

---