Vacuum plasma spraying

Schiller G, Henne R, and Ruckdaeschel R. Vacuum plasma sprayed protective layers for solid oxide fuel cell application. J. Adv. Mat. 2000 32 3-8. 

Lang M, Franco T, Schiller G, and Wagner N. Electrochemical characterization of vacuum plasma sprayed thin-film solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) for reduced operating temperatures. J. Appl. Electrochem. 2002 32 871-874. 

Fig. 10. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph of the surface of vacuum plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coating after treatment in the fluoridating solution (KF 0.05 M KH2PO4 0.15 M pH 7, temperature 100 C). A layer of thin needle-like fluorhydroxyapatite crystals (0.5-3 m long, 0.1-0.3 m width) can be observed. (With kind permission of Springer Science and Business Media).

E. Verne, M. Ferraris, C. Jana, L. Paracchini, Bioverit base glass/Ti particulate biocomposite in situ vacuum plasma spray deposition, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 20 (2000) 473-479. 

Rambert, S. et al.. Composite ceramic fuel cell fabricated by vacuum plasma spraying, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 19, 921-923 (1999). 

Low-pressure plasma spraying (LPPS), a.k.a vacuum plasma spraying (VPS) is the injection within an evacuated spray chamber of metal or ceramic powder... 

Figure 5.28 Cross-sectional SEM images of vacuum-plasma sprayed (VPS) coatings type Cl (a) and C2 (b) after immersion in HBSS for 7 days, showing a network of microcracks and debonding along macrocracks parallel to the interface (Vu and Heimann, 1996).

Chang, C., Shi, J., Huang, J., Hu, Z., and Ding, C. (1998) Effects of power level on characteristics of vacuum plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite coating. J. Therm. Spray Technol., 7 (4), 484-488. 

Gledhill, H.C., Turner, I.G., and Doyle, C. (1999) Direct morphological comparison of vacuum plasma sprayed and detonation gun sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings for orthopaedic applications. Biomaterials, 20 (4), 315-322. 

Parameters studied during low-pressure ( vacuum ) plasma spraying of hydroxyapatite onto Ti6Al4V substrates included the plasma energy / , the powder feed rate m, the stand-off distance x, the preheating temperature of the substrate Ts as well as the deposition chamber pressure p (Heimann, Vu and Wayman, 1997). 

Brossa F, Cigada A, Chiesa R, Paracchini L, Consonni C (1994) Post-deposition treatment effects on hydroxylapatite vacuum plasma spray coatings. Biomaterials 5 855-857 Brown CD, Mealey BL, Nummikoski PV, Bifano SL, Waldrop TC (1998) Hydroxylapatite cement implant for regeneration of periodontal osseous defects in humans. J Periodontol 69 146-157 Brown PW, Fulmer M (1996) The effects of electrolytes on the rates of hydroxylapatite formation at 25 and 388°C. J Biomed Mater Res 31 395-400... 

The accepted method to coat metals is vacuum plasma spraying (VPS), but a new method called high velocity oxy-ffiel (HVOF) thermal spraying has been developed and is more cost-effective and has thus made the use of composites much more practical. 

Typical materials and applications for vacuum plasma spraying are... 

Laha T, Agarwal A, McKechnie T, Rea K, Seal S. Synthesis of hulk nanostructured aluminum alloy component through vacuum plasma spray technique. Acta Mater 2005 53 5429-38. 

M. Lang, T. Franco, G. Schiller, and N. Wagner [2002] Electrochemical Characterization of Vacuum Plasma Sprayed Thin-Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) for Reduced Operating Temperatures, J. Appl. Electrochem. 32, 871-874. 

G. Schiller, R. H. Henne, M. Lang, R. Ruckdaschel, and S. Schaper [2000] Development of Vacuum Plasma Sprayed Thin-FUm SOFC for Reduced Operating Temperature, Euel Cells Bulletin 21, 7-12. 

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