Vacuum membrane distillation

Vacuum membrane distillation (VMD), in which the vapor phase is evacuated from the liquid through the membrane and the condensation takes place in a separate apparatus... 

Bandini S, Gostoli C, and Sarti GC, Separation efficiency in vacuum membrane distillation. Journal of Membrane Science 1992, 73, 217-229. 

Wu B and Teo WK, Preparation and application of PVDF hollow fiber membranes in vacuum membrane distillation to remove TCE and TCA from aqueous solutions. Euromembrane 2004, Hamburg, Germany, September 28-October 1, 2004. 

Bagger-Jorgensen, R., et al. Recovery of volatile aroma compounds from black currant juice by vacuum membrane distillation, J. Food Eng., 64, 23, 2004. 

Sarti, G.C., Gostoli, C., and Bandini, S. Extraction of organic components from aqueous streams by vacuum membrane distillation, J. Membr. Sci., 80, 21, 1993. 

Bani-Melhem, K. Using concentration polarization factors to determine the mass transfer resistance in vacuum membrane distillation. 

Mengual, J.L, Khayet, M., and Godino, M.P. Heat and mass transfer in vacuum membrane distillation. Inter. J. Heat. Mass. Trans., 47, 865, 2004. 

Bandini, S. and Sarti, G.C. Concentration of must through vacuum membrane distillation. Desalination, 149, 253, 2002. 

N. Diban, O.C. Voinea, A. Urtiaga, I. Ortiz, Vacuum membrane distillation of the main pear aroma compound Experimental study and mass transfer modeling. Journal of Membrane Science 2009, 326, 64-75. 

Couffin, N., Cabassud, C. and Lahoussine-Turcaud, V. 1998. A new process to remove haloge-nated VOCs for drinking water production Vacuum membrane distillation. Q gUr ion 117 233-245. 

Urtiaga et al. (2001) studied the parallelism and the differences in PV and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) in the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aqueous streams. In their study, two gas-liquid separation processes, PV and VMD, were compared in the application to the separation of chloroform-water mixtures. Both technologies include the transfer of separated compounds initially in liquid phase through a membrane to a low-pressure gas phase. The use of a solid membrane enhances the separation efficiencies. However, PV and VMD are based on different mechanisms and employ membranes of different characteristics. Selective membranes need to be used in PV processes, while the VMD process requires the use of microporous nonselective membranes. 

Urtiaga, A.M., Gorri, E.D., Ruiz, G. and Ortiz, 1. 2001. Parallehsm and differences of pervaporation and vacuum membrane distillation in the removal of VOCs from aqueous streams. Sep. Purif. Technol. 22-23 327-337. 

Al-Asheh S., Banat E, Qtaishat M., Al-Khateeb M. (2006), Concentration of sucrose solutions via vacuum membrane distillation. Desalination, 195,60-68. 

Banat F.A., Simandl J. (1996), Removal of benzene traces from contaminated water by vacuum membrane distillation, Chem. Eng. ScL, 51,1257-1265. 

Zhao Z.P., Ma F.W., Liu W.F., Liu D.-Z. (2008), Concentration of ginseng extracts aqueous solution by vacuum membrane distillation. 1. Effects of operating conditions, Desalination, 234,152-157. 

Figure 6.12 Common configurations used for membrane distillation (a) DCMD.direct contact membrane distillation (b)AGMD, air-gap membrane distillation (c) SGMD,sweep gas membrane distillation and (d)VMD, vacuum membrane distillation (Caputo etal.,2007).

Crisouoli, A., Bafaro, P. Drioli, E. (2013) Vacuum membrane distillation for purifying waters containing arsenic. Desalination, 323, 17-21. 

Feng and co-workers also applied PVDF ENMs to separate ethanol/water mixtures by vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) [105]. Table 13.3 summarized the comparison of ethanol concentration in feed solution and that in the permeate solution. The permeate flux could be positively correlated with the ethanol concentration in the feed solution and the operating temperature. The effective separation factors were changed from 1.42 to 2.45. 

Banat, F., Al-Asheh, S., and Qtaishat, M. (2005). Treatment of waters colored with methylene blue dye by vacuum membrane distillation. Desalination 174, 87. 

Bandini, S., and Sarti, G. C. (1999). Heat and mass transport resistances in vacuum membrane distillation per drop. AlChE J. 45, 1422. 

Izquierdo-Gil, M. A., and Jonsson, G. (2003). Factors affecting flux and ethanol separation performance in vacuum membrane distillation (VMD). J. Membr. Sci. 214, 113. 

Khayet, M., Khulbe, K. C., and Matsuura, T. (2004c). Characterization of membranes for membrane distillation by atomic force microscopy and estimation of their water vapor transfer coefficients in vacuum membrane distillation process. J. Membr. Sci. 238, 199. 

Lawson, K. W., and Lloyd, D. R. (1996a). Membrane distillation. I. Module design and performance evaluation using vacuum membrane distillation. J. Membr. Set 120, 111. 

Li, B., and Sirkar, K. K. (2005). Novel membrane and device for vacuum membrane distillation-based desalination process. J. Membr. Sci. 257, 60. 

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