Vaccum distillation

To a 500 mL flask, were added 150 mL carbon tetrachloride and 83.0 g diisopropyl phosphite (0.5 mol). To this solution was added 50.5 g iV-methylmorpholine (0.5 mol), no apparent reaction occurred until refluxing. After 3 h the solvent was removed in vaccum (distillate contained chloroform) the residue was stirred with 200 mL light petroleum and... 

Table 4-169 Evaporation Loss in the Isothermal Gravimetry in Air at 200 °C. Vaccum Distillates, Base Oils, and Additives. 

Pinter and co-workers (1964) describe a simple micromethod for synthesizing high specific activity esters of labeled cholesterol using acylchlorides of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachi-donic acids as reactants. The acylchlorides were vaccum-distilled with cholesterol-4-C at 60°C completing the esterification of the cholesterol-... 

The oil derived from biomass was liquefied with the PERC process, extracted with decalin, hydroprocessed at 370 0, and the fraction boiling above 350 C (BMO) was separated by distillation (16). A hydroprocessed mixture of North sea and Arabian light vaccum gas oil (HVGO) was used as a "base line", i.e. a typical FCC feed stock. 

A 500-ml standard apparatus (round bottom flask, several inlets for stirrer, reflux condenser, nitrogen flux or vaccum, thermometer, heating bath) is evacuated and Ailed with nitrogen. 5 g of poly(vinyl alcohol) are then placed in the flask (see Example 5-1) and dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water by stirring at 60 °C next are added 2.2 g of ox-ethylated nonylphenol and 0.4 g (1.8 mmol) of ammonium peroxodisuifate buffered... 

Four 250 ml standard apparatus (round bottom flask, several inlets for stirrer, reflux condenser, nitrogen flux or vaccum, thermometer, heating bath) are filled each with 38 ml of distilled water and 405 mg (1.8 mmol) ammonium peroxodisuifate.To the fourth flask, additionally 90 mg of an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid sodium salt emulsifier (linear Cl 0-C13 aikyl chains, 70% in water) are added. After reaching an internai temperature of 80 °C,3 g of a monomer emulsion (prepared according toTabie 3.13) are added to each of the four batches. Within an induction phase of 15 min the reactions start. This is visuaiized by the pale blue coloration of the content of the flasks.Then the remaining monomer emulsion is added over a period of 3 h.The internal temperature has to be maintained at 80 °C during the whole reaction. After ail monomer emulsion has been added, the batches are heated at 80 °C for another 30 min.Then, the flasks are allowed to cool to room temperature. Now the reaction mixtures are adjusted to pH 8.5 by addition of 5% NaOH solution. 

Vaccum membrane distillation, such as any membrane distillation process, is a thermally driven process in which a feed solution is bought into contact with one side of a microporous membrane and a vacuum is created on the opposite side to create a driving force for transmembrane flux (Figure 19.8). The microporous membrane only acts as a support for a vapor-liquid interface, and does not affect the selectivity associated with the vapor-liquid equilibrium [76]. 

One gram of KCr02 is put in a gold crucible which is introduced into the apparatus shown in Fig. 1. The temperature is increased while holding the reaction mixture under a vaccum of 10-2 torr. At 700° KCr02 evolves potassium metal which distills and deposits on the cooled part of the Vycor reaction vessel. 

Wash the ester with aqueous Na2C03, then distilled water. Dry it with CaCl2 and distil it in a vaccum. Store it in a vacuum desiccator over P2O5. [Beilstein 9 IV 3178.]... 

Apparatus A 5-mL conical vial, 1-mL glass syringe with a needle, a screw-cap centrifuge tube, apparatus for magnetic stirring, simple distillation, vaccum filtration, and ffame/ess heating. 

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