V-methyl-2-pyrrolidone

Enamine (235) obtained from cyclic ketones and the acetal of /V-methyl-2-pyrrolidone gave a fused 2-pyrone [83IJC(B)1083]. 2//-Chromenes were obtained from of 3,5-dichlorosalicylaldehyde and enamines (94RRC183) (Scheme 42). The pyran ring is formed by a reaction of aminals of conjugated w-dimethylaminoaldehydes with cyclic /1-dicarbonyl compounds (94IZV285) (Scheme 43). 

Jungbauer, F.H.W., P.J. Coenraads, and S.H. Kardaun. 2001. Toxic hygroscopic contact reaction to V-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Contact Dermatitis 45 303. 

MMTS MsOH NBS NHMDS NMP NMR PPb Ph Pr PTC rt TBDMS Tf THF THP TLC TMEDA TMS TMSOTf Tol TOMAC Ts TsOH UDP methyl methylthiomethyl sulfoxide (=FAMSO) methanesulfonic acid N-bromosuccinimide sodium hexamethyldisililazide /V-methyl-2-pyrrolidone nuclear magnetic resonance parts per billion phenyl propyl Phase transfer catalysis room temperature t-butyldimethylsilyl triflatc (trifluoromethanesulfonate) tetrahydrofuran 2-tetrahydro-2//-pyran-2-yl thin-layer chromatography /V./V./V /V -tetramethylethylenediamine trimethylsilyl trimethylsilyl triflate p-tolyl trioctylmethylammonium chloride tosyl p-toluenesulfonic acid ultrasonically dispersed potassium... 

Dibasic Esters (DBE) Diisobutyl DBE Methyl Decanoate Isopropyl Myristate /V-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol (THFA) Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Aliphatic Alcohols ... 

Pande, S. and Sharma, D.K. 2002. Ethylenediamine-assisted solvent extraction of coal in V-methyl-2-pyrrolidone Synergistic effect of ethylenediamine on extraction of coal in V-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Energy Fuels, 16(1) 194-204. 

The polymers are readily soluble in polar solvents such as V-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, V,V-dimethyl-formamide, and tetrahydrofuran. 

The presence of phosphorus effects a high char yield in the course of heating and consequently the materials have good flame retardant properties. Solutions of the polymers in V-methyl-2-pyrrolidone show a photoluminescence in the blue region [58]. 

The nucleophilic displacement polymerization reaction is more common for the synthesis of PAEs because of the easy accessibility of monomers and high yield of high-molecular-weight polymers. Nucleophilic displacement of an activated dihalo or dinitro compound with an activated bisphenol (mostly in the form of bisphenoxides) at high temperatures has been the most common method of PAE synthesis [35,37,39], The reaction is conducted in solution using different otic solvents, for example, V-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), V,V-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). 

Polyaniline (PANi) has been studied extensively for its electroactive characteristics and potential applications in electrical devices, such as polymer electrodes and sensors [46]. Semi-conductive membranes from PVDF/PANi blends in V-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solutions were prepared by phase inversion in an aqueous solution of poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) [47]. Entrapment of a stoichiometric amount of PSSA dopant molecules into the blend membrane occurred during phase inversion process and gave rise to a semi-conductivity membrane. At a PANi content of above 15 wt%, the entrapped PSSA chains were present in stoichiometric amount and dispersed evenly throughout the blend membrane. The membranes prepared by this method had an asymmetry structure with a dense skin layer and a porous inner layer. The surface resistance of the blend membrane decreased with the increase in PANi weight fraction. A surface resistance of about 10 i2/cm was obtained for the PSSA-doped PVDF/PANi (65/35, w/w) membrane. 

Fig. 2 Submonomer synthesis of H-Mnbn-M.ys-M.ys-Miap-M3ut-Mribn-y ilys-NH2 described in this paper Bu butyl, lys 4-aminobutyl, mbn 4-methylbenzyl, nap 1-napthylmethyl, DIC /V, /V-diisopropylcarbodiimide, and NMP /V-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone...

It should be noted that the type of solvent, polymer binder or nonsolvent, could affect the precipitation mechanism in the phase inversion process. As an example, the (V-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) systems possess dissimilar precipitation lines (Figure 11.4), where the precipitation point for the polyethersulfone (PESf)/DMSO/water system is much closer to the original casting solution (0% water) line than that of the PESf/NMP/water system. Because the rates of solvent/nonsolvent exchange for both systems are not very much different, the time to reach the precipitation point for PESf/DMSO/water system is much shorter than that for the PESf/NMP/water system. As the macrostructure of the membrane is largely determined at the precipitation point, PESf/DMSO/water and PESf/NMP/ water systems would yield different macrostructures. 

Membrane structure has been observed to be affected by the choice of solvent. In a study preparing poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes, eight solvents including V,V-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), A/,V-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide, V-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), hexamethylphosphoramide, tetramethylurea, triethyl phosphate (TEP), and trimethyl phosphate were employed and the resultant membranes were compared [25]. It was found that the membrane porosity and hence the water permeability of the membranes were dependent on the mutual diffusivity of solvent and nonsolvent (water). It was claimed that the formation path in the ternary phase diagram led to entry into the demixing region at a higher polymer concentration when the solvent-nonsolvent diffusivity was... 

---