Utility computing

The standard requires the supplier to have the appropriate resources and equipment (when specified in the contract) to utilize computer-aided product design, engineering, and analysis that is compatible with the customer s and subcontractor systems. It is also required that the supplier be able to use numerical design and drawing data, by computer-aided methods for the manufacture of production tooling and prototypes. 

EMCS-based monitoring ot building and end uses. A utility computer can interface the customer EMCS and obtain building and energy-use information. 

A procedure for proplnts is presented by J.W. French (Ref 27), who used both OM and EM (electron microscope) to study plastisol NC curing. He found that the cure time of plastisol NC is a logarithmic function of temp, and direct functions of chemical compn and total available surface area, as well as of particle size distribution. It should be noted that extensive use of statistics is required as a time-saving means of interpreting particle size distribution data. The current state-of-the-art utilizes computer techniques to perform this function, and in addition, to obtain crystal morphology data (Ref 62)... 

Pharmacokinetics—The science of quantitatively predicting the fate (disposition) of an exogenous substance in an organism. Utilizing computational techniques, it provides the means of studying the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of chemicals by the body. 

Morphometric analysis utilizing computer assisted tomography (CAT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to reveal brain structure ... 

Various cyber protection devices are currently available for use in protecting utility computer systems. These protection devices include anti-virus and pest eradication software, firewalls, and network intrusion hardware/software. These products are discussed in this section. 

There is a 3 kcal difference in energy between the energy difference shown in Fig. 38 and the McGrath results. The calculations used for Fig. 38 are based on a lower level, semiempirical quantum mechanics calculation, while the McGarth calculations utilize computationally more expensive ab initio methods. 

To produce an adequate validation close cooperation between key personnel and those involved with the computer systems is essential. People in responsible positions should have the appropriate training for the management and use of systems within their field of responsibility which utilizes computers. This should include ensuring that appropriate expertise is available to provide advice on aspects of design, validation, installation, and operation of computerized systems [12]. 

Acknowledgments. This work was supported by the United States Public Health Service (National Institutes of Health grants HL-19481 and GM-50694), and utilized computational facilities made available by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (supported by NSF grant CHE97-0020N). We are grateful to Professor P. Coppens for assistance with multipole refinement of our x-ray data. 

Nowadays, the presence of atoms can easily be shown with the help of today s technology, either by utilizing computer facilities which can visualize atoms or through their behaviors in different chemical reactions. 

Large scientific programs utilize computing resources in a way that makes difficult adaption to current PC systems. These characteristics include ... 

The intent of this was to start with a useful calculation, which could not be done using brute force techniques, and demonstrate the importance of optimizing the numerical implementation of a reactive flow model to run on a vector computer. As similar problems in combustion become more extensive and intricate, it behooves us to utilize computers in the most efficient manner possible. It is no longer feasible to continue to "ask the computer to do more and more work, without thought as to how a particular problem is to be implemented. The number of problems for which one would like to use a computer, as well as the complexity of these problems, is increasing at an astronomical rate. The other side of the coin, of course is that computers, and especially central processors (CPU s) are becoming cheaper. 

In addition to utilizing computers to optimize pesticide formulations, computer programs can be designed to operate equipment used to evaluate pesticide formulations and to perform complex theoretical calculations used to guide choice of ingredients. 

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