US Dept. of Energy

The authors thank the US Dept, of Energy (Contract Nos. DE-FE22-83-C60811 and DE-AC04-76DP00789) and the Science and Engineering Research Council with British Coal (CASC studentship for N.W.S.) for financial support. 

See, for example, the Lummus Corporation s 1977 technical and economic evaluation of the Synthane Process. This study was commissioned by the US Dept, of Energy. 

Leifer, R. (1992) Project airstream trace gas final report EML-549, US Dept, of Energy, New York. 

Radioisotopes that decay by spontaneous fission with the direct accompanying release of neutrons are usually associated with the natural elements of uranium and thorium and the manmade element plutonium. However, the rate of decay of these elements by fission is so slow that it is only by incorporating them into large nuclear piles or chain reactors that they can be utilized as intense neutron sources. In the US Dept of Energy National Transplutonium Program, small quantities of elements heavier than plutonium are produced for basic research studies and to discover new elements with useful properties. One of these new elements, californium-252 (2S2Cf), is unique in that it emits neutrons in copious quantities over a period of years by spontaneous fission... 

Leifer, R., Heifer, I., Miller, K. Silvestri, S. (1986) Concentrations of gaseous1311 in New York City air following the Chernobyl accident. In Report EML 460 (ed. H.L. Volchok). US Dept of Energy. NTIS, Springfield, VA. 

Bennett, B.G. (1974) Fallout 239-240pu in diet. In Report HASL 306, US Dept of Energy, Springfield, Va NTIS, pp. 115-25. 

Francis, C. W. (1978). Radiostrontium movement in soils and uptake in plant. Technical Information Center, US Dept, of Energy. 

G.A. Somorjai and M.A. van Hove, Adsorbate Induced Restructing of Surfaces, US Dept, of Energy, Rept. DE-AC03-765 F00098. 

National Academy of Sciences Research Needs for High-Level Waste Stored in Tanks and Bins at US Dept, of Energy Sites (National Research Council, Washington, DC, 2001). 

Allen, J.W., 1976. Development of a portable radon detection system. US Dept of Energy, Open File Report, GJBX-50, pp. 1-32. 

Jeter, H.W., 1980. A modelling study of gaseous Rn-222, Xe-133 and He-4 for uranium exploration. US Dept, of Energy, Open File Report, GJBX-I40(80), 117 pp. 

Pacer, J.C. and Czamecki, R.F., 1980. Principles and characteristics of surface radon and helium techniques used in uranium exploration. US Dept, of Energy, Report GJBX-I77(80), 63 pp. 

Membrane Separations Systems, US Dept, of Energy Report DOE/ER/30133-H1,PS-1 (1990). 

Baker, R. W. et al.. Development of Pervaporation to Recover and Reuse Volatile Organic Compounds from Industrial Waste Streams, US Dept, of Energy Final Report DOE/AL/98769-1 (DE97006846) March 1997. 

Israelsson P and Adams E (2007) Evaluation of the Acute Biological Impacts of Ocean Carbon Sequestration. Final Report for US Dept, of Energy, under grant DE-FG26-98FT40334. Cambridge, MA Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 

Diana J. Bauer, Ph.D., US Dept. Of Energy, Director of the Office of Energy Policy Analysis and Integration Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis, for permission to use two images. 

Lockheed Martin Federal Services WGI-W Safety Management Solutions FM Approvals US Dept, of Energy Shell Global Solutions Intertek Testing Services NA, Inc. SIS-Tech Solutions LLC Westinghouse Savannah River Co. Waldemar S. Nelson Co. 

US Dept, of Energy (1998). "Advanced Lost Foam Casting", Office of Industrial Technologies, http //www.oit.doe.gov/factsheets/metalcast/pdfs/lostfoam.pdf... 

Machta, L, Atmospheric Measurement of Carbon Dioxide. Workshop on the Global Effects of Carbon Dioxide from Fossile Fuels, US. Dept, of Energy. CONF 770385 (1979). p. 44... 

Findlay JG, Knowlton TM. Final Report for US Dept, of Energy, Project DE-AC21-83MC20314, 1985. 

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