US Army Medical Research Institute

Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook. Fort De trick, Frederick, MD US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1996. 

This database is a list of everything that the military medical system thinks it will need to care for chemical and biological casualties. It was produced by the Joint Readiness Clinical Advisory Board (JRCAB). COL Cornelius Maher, commander, based upon the recommendations of the chemical and biological panels of 1999 and 2001. The chemical panels included members of the US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense staff. The biological panels included members of the staff at the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases. 

The US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defence employs an automated microdistillation assay for cyanide in blood, using fluorometric detection (67). For assaying free CN , plasma is mixed with and dialyzed against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. For an assay of total blood cyanide, blood is mixed with saline containing Triton X (which hemolyzes the red cells), treated with 0.5 % sulfuric acid and dialyzed against 0.25 % sulfuric acid. Cyanide is... 

PATRICK T. WIEEIAMS, MS Research Biologist, Neuro-hehavioral Toxicology, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 3100 Ricketts Point Road, APG-EA, MD 21201-5400, USA... 

Hurst, S.G.T., Madsen, J., Newmark, J., Hill, B., Boardman, C., Dawson, J. (2007). Medical Management of Chemical Casualties Handbook. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5400, Chemical Casualty Care Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense. 

The choice of appropriate treatment for nerve agent intoxication depends on the agent as well as extent and route(s) of exposure. Very mild exposure to nerve agent vapor may necessitate only decontamination and observation severe exposure to vapor or liquid requires immediate decontamination, antidote administration, artificial respiration, monitoring, and supportive therapy over hours to multiple days (ATSDR, 2007 Sidell, 1997 Vale et al, 2007 Pulley and Jones, 2008). Convenient triage classifications have been developed by ATSDR (2007) in collaboration with the US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense. 

Ballantyne, B. (1984). Comparative acute toxicity of hydrogen cyanide and its salts. In Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Chemical Defense Bioscience Review (R.E. Lindstrom, ed.), US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Maryland. 

Eitzen, E., Pavlin, J., Cieslak, T., Christopher, G., Culpepper, R. (eds) (2001). Ricin. Medical management of biological casualties. In US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (Handbook), 4th edition, pp. 101-6. US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Operational Medical Division, Fort Detrick, MD. 

Hilmas, C.J., Deshpande, S.S., Keller, J.E., Williams, P.T. (2006b). Evaluation of stability of botulinum toxins in biological fluids and liquid media. Bioscience Review, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense. 

The US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease has investigated a number of toxins for their potential to be used as weapons. Other toxins have been investigated because of their large economic impact on agricultural animals and crops. 

Jakubowski EM, Smith JR, Logan TP, et al. Verification of lewisite exposure quantification of chloroviny-larsonous acid in biological samples. In Proceedings ofthe 1993 Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 1993 361-368, AD A275667. 

US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA... 

Kluwe WM, Chinn JC, Feder P et al. (1987). Efficacy of pyridostigmine pretreatment against acute soman intoxication in a primate model. In Sixth Medical Chemical Defense Bioscience Review, pp. 227-234. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense. 

Fig- 5 -3. Molecular models of (a) tabun (GA), (b) sarin (GB), (c) soman (GD), and (d) VX. Molecular models Cour tesy of Offie E. Clark, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, Md. 

Hayward IJ, Wall HG, Jaax NK, Wade JV, Marlow DD, Nold JB. Influence of Therapy With Anticonvulsant Compounds on the Effects of Acute Soman Intoxication in Rhesus Monkeys. Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md US Army Medical Research Institute for Chemical Defense 1988. Technical Report 88-12. 

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