Urine glucose determination

Direct Test on Urine Glucose, ketones, and pH— Labstix test Dip a Labstix strip briefly into the urine and read after 10 to 15 seconds. For glucose, the result should be correlated with blood-glucose determination. A positive result for ketones may indicate intoxication by acetone or isopropyl alcohol. This test may also be positive in starvation or in diabetic ketosis. 

B. Other useful laboratory studies include electrolytes, glucose, BUN, creatinine, calcium, ammonia, liver transaminases, bilirubin, prothrombin time (PT), amylase, serum osmolality and osmolar gap (see p 32 serum levels > 1500 mg/L may increase the osmolar gap by 10 mOsm/L or more), arterial blood gases or oximetry, and EGG monitoring. Valproic acid may cause a falsepositive urine ketone determination. 

Figure 3.24 Autocorrelation function for weakly correlated data according to a process of first order. The time series is based on glucose determinations in urine over time.

As discussed in section 4.2.1.4, glucose in plasma and urine can be determined in two ways, using an alkaline copper reagent or using glucose oxidase linked to a dyestuff. Both methods were used to determine urine glucose in six people ... 

Coupled enzyme assays have been developed for the determination of substances as diverse as glucose, uric acid, and cholesterol, the principal application being quantitation in biological fluids such as blood, plasma, and urine. Typical examples are illustrated by Eqs. (9)-(12). 

Experimental design Rats (7-13 male and 10-13 female) were exposed to 1,4-dichlorobenzene vapors for 7 hours a day, 5 days a week at concentrations of 0, 96, or 158 ppm for a total of 126-139 exposures. At the end of the exposure period, the animals were sacrificed, body and organ weights determined, and tissues examined microscopically. Hematology (parameters not specified), analysis of urine (blood, glucose, albumin, and sediment) and measurement of blood urea nitrogen were conducted for females exposed to the lowest concentration of 1,4-dichlorobenzene. 

Apparent Glucose in 20 Urine Specimens as Determined by Six Different Methods ... 

In a paper concerned primarily with the determination of neutral sugars, Richey and coworkers examined the O-trimethylsilyl derivatives of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose.171 Similar methods for determining these compounds have also been used in studies on human milk,545 yeasts and bacteria,1,2 blood-group oligosaccharides,405 and urine.118 These methods were also included in a model study on the isothermal determination of sugars.256... 

Today the determination of blood gases (p02, pC02) is performed using electrochemical GSSs, while major blood electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl as well as Ca2+, Mg2+, Li+ as a therapeutic ion and pH) and main urine electrolytes (Na+, K+) are predominantly determined by electrochemical ISSs or ISEs. Some important metabolites (glucose, lactate, urea, creatinine) are often determined with electrochemical biosensors. 

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