Urinary incontinence, following

Stothers L, Goldenberg SL. Delayed hypersensitivity and systemic arthralgia following transurethral coUagen injection for stress urinary incontinence. J Urol 1998 159(5) 1507-9. 

Skin migration following periurethral polytetrafluoroethylene injection for urinary incontinence has been reported (15). 

Boykin W, Rodriguez FR, Brizzolara JP, Thompson IM, Zeidman EJ. Complete urinary obstruction following periurethral polytetrafluoroethylene injection for urinary incontinence. J Urol 1989 141(5) 1199-200. 

Dewan PA, Fraundorfer M. Skin migration following periurethral polytetrafluorethylene injection for urinary incontinence. Aust NZ J Surg 1996 66(l) 57-9. 

An 11-year-old boy with ADHD was given methylphenidate and after the daily dosage had been titrated to 20 mg enuresis started to occur. After 2 months, the medication was withdrawn and the enuresis stopped immediately. About 1 month later, methylphenidate was restarted and the enuresis reoccurred when the dose reached 20 mg/day. It continued for about 3 months but immediately stopped when the medication was withdrawn. Another rechallenge after 2 months, followed by withdrawal of methylphenidate, replicated the response. Other causes of enuresis were excluded and the patient never had daytime urinary incontinence. 

Nervous system A 58-year-old woman who was taking mirtazapine and metoclopra-mide started to take levofloxacin 1 day later she had an episode of loss of consciousness associated with urinary incontinence and on the following day two tonic-clonic seizures [60 ]. Levofloxacin and mirtazapine were withdrawn and the seizure activity stopped. No other cause for her seizures was found. The authors concluded that levofloxacin is epileptogenic and had also, by inhibiting CYP1A2, increased the serum concentrations of mirtazapine and metoclopramide, drugs that also have epileptogenic effects. 

A 71-year-old woman developed lithium toxicity (serum concentration 2.1 mmol/l) because of increased absorption of urinary lithium from the bowel following urinary diversion with ileal conduits for stress incontinence (547). 

Echols KT, Chesson RR, Breaux EF, Shobeiri SA. Persistence of delayed hypersensitivity following transurethral collagen injection for recurrent urinary stress incontinence. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2002 13(l) 52-4. 

Functional incontinence is not caused by bladder- or urethra-specific factors. Rather, in patients with conditions such as dementia or cognitive or mobility deficits, the UI is linked to the primary disease process more than any extrinsic or intrinsic deficit of the lower urinary tract. An example of functional incontinence occurs in the postoperative orthopedic surgery patient. Following extensive orthopedic reconstructions such as total hip arthroplasty, patients are often immobile secondary to pain or traction. Therefore the patient may be unable to access toileting facilities in a reasonable period of time and may become incontinent as a result. The treatment of this type of UI may involve only placing a urinal or commode at the bedside that allows for simplified access to toileting. 

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