United Kingdom Environment

Hutton, M. 1981. Accumulation of heavy metals and selenium in three seabird species from the United Kingdom. Environ. Pollut. 26A 129-145. 

Wild, S. R., and K. C. Jones, Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the United Kingdom Environment A Preliminary Source Inventory and Budget, Environ. Pollut., 88, 91-108 (1995). 

Thomas GO, Wilkinson M, Hodson S, Jones KC. 2006. Organohalogen chemicals in human blood from the United Kingdom. Environ Pollut 141 30-41. 

Harrad SJ, Jones KC (1992), Sci. Total Environ. 126 89-107. A source inventory and budget for chlorinated dioxins and furans in the United Kingdom environment"... 

Interpreting, correlating, and predicting the multimedia concentrations of PCCDD/Fs in the United Kingdom. Environ. Set Technol. 33, 399-405. 

SussELL A and Ashley K (2002) Field measurement of lead in workplace air and paint chip samples by ultrasonic extraction and portable anodic stripping voltammetry. J Environ Monit 4 156—161. SvENSSON BG, Sghutz a, Nilsson A and Skerfv-ING S (1992) Lead exposure in indoor firing ranges. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 64 219-221. Thornton 1, Davies DJA, Watt JM and Quinn MJ (1990) Lead exposure in young children from dust and soil in the United Kingdom. Environ Health Perspect 89 55-60. 

EU 2004. European Union. 2004. Update of the Risk Assessment of BisfPentabromophenyl Ether (decabromodiphenylether). Oxfordshire United Kingdom, Environment Agency. 

Very limited data exists on the presence and fate of dmgs of abuse in the United Kingdom environment Monitoring of ilhcit dmgs in the United Kingdom has been undertaken in only one river in England (the River Thames) and two rivers in Wales (the River Taff and Ely). 

J. P. Bound and N. Voulvouhs, Household disposal of pharmaceuticals as a pathway for aquatic contamination in the United Kingdom, Environ. Health Perspect., 2005,113, 1705 1711. 

Methods Exam. Waters Assoc. Math 1988, United Kingdom Dept, of the Environment Chem. Abstr. 108, 197583v (1988). 

Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Report of the United Kingdom Review Group on Impacts of Atmospheric Nitrogen, Department of the Environment, London, 1994. Report of the AERC Institute of Arable Crops Research for 1991, AERC, London, 1992, p. 36. 

The corrosion curves in Fig. 3.4 were obtained some years ago. Corrosion is markedly influenced by the pattern of pollution, which is changing in the United Kingdom, and consequently the long-term corrosion rates may change. There is some evidence based on more recent tests to indicate that in many industrial environments the corrosion rate of steel over periods of 15 years will drop to a greater extent than is shown in Fig. 3.4. 

A second source of plutonium, dispersed more locally, is liquid effluent from fuel reprocessing facilities. One such is the fuel reprocessing plant at Windscale, Cumbria in the United Kingdom where liquid waste is released to the Irish Sea(6). Chemical analysis of this effluent shows that about one percent or less of the plutonium is in an oxidized form before it contacts the marine water(7). Approximately 95 percent of the plutonium rapidly adsorbs to particulate matter after discharge and deposits on the seabed while 5 percent is removed from the area as a soluble component ). Because this source provided concentrations that were readily detected, pioneering field research into plutonium oxidation states in the marine environment was conducted at this location. 

Department of the Environment (1983) European Community screening programme for lead United Kingdom results for 1981. Pollution Report No. 18, HMSO, London. 

All individuals and companies have a duty of care to their neighbours, and to the environment in general. In the United Kingdom this is embodied in the Common Law. In addition to this moral duty, stringent controls over the environment are being introduced in the United Kingdom, the European Union, the United States, and in other industrialised countries and developing countries. 

Confederation of the Food and Drink Industries of the EU (CIAA) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Industry as a Partner for Sustainable Development, Food and Drink, United Kingdom, 2002. 

Emhart CB, Wolf AW, Kennard MJ, et al. 1985. Intrauterine lead exposure and the status of the neonate. In Lekkas TD, ed. International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, Athens, Greece. September, Vol.l. Edinburgh, United Kingdom CEP Consultants, Ltd. 35-37. 

Heard MJ, Wells AC, Newton D, et al. 1979. Human uptake and metabolism of tetra ethyl and tetramethyl lead vapour labelled with 203Pb. In International Conference on Management and Control of Heavy Metals in the Environment, London, England, September. Edinburgh, United Kingdom CEP Consultants, Ltd., 103-108. 

Brice, K.A., Derwent, R.G. (1978) Emissions inventory for hydrocarbons in United Kingdom. Atom. Environ. 12, 2045-2054. 

Bryan, G.W. and W.J. Langston. 1992. Bioavailability, accumulation and effects of heavy metals in sediments with special reference to United Kingdom estuaries a review. Environ. Pollut. 76 89-131. 

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