United Kingdom Carcinogenicity

Kaiserman MJ, Rickeryt WS (1992) Carcinogens in tobacco smoke benzo[a]pyrene from Canadian cigarettes and cigarette tobacco. Am L Pub Health 82 1023-1026 Kozlowski LT, Mehta NY, Sweeney CT, Schwartz SS, Vogler GP, Jarvis MJ, West RJ (1998) Filter ventilation and nicotine content of tobacco of cigarettes from Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Tob Control 7 369-375... 

An increased risk of death from bladder cancer (33 vs. 22.7 expected) was reported in 40,000 rubber and cable workers who had mixed exposures to many rubber additives, including PBNA, but not to known carcinogens. In contrast to this study, no significant increases in overall or site-specific cancer was detected in a cohort of 2410 rubber chemical manufacturing workers, who were employed at a factory in north Wales, United Kingdom, between 1955 and 1984. ... 

United Kingdom Department of Health (1991) Committee on Carcinogenicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment Guidelines for the evaluation of chemicals for carcinogenicity. London, Her Majesty s Stationery Office. 

In 1996 the United Kingdom, which was selected to conduct the scientific review of atrazine for the European Union (EU), concluded It is expected that the use of atrazine, consistent with good plant protection practice, will not have any harmful effects on human or animal health or any unacceptable effects on the environment (UK Rapporteur Monograph, 1996). In 2000, the United Kingdom for the European Commission also concluded it is not appropriate to classify atrazine as a carcinogen (UK Rapporteur Monograph, 2000). 

Sudan red dyes are synthetically produced dyes normally used for colouring shoe and floor polish, oils, and solvents. For example, Sudan red is used to colour petroleum products to prevent misuse. The dye is added to diesel products to prevent substitution of less expensive fuel oils. Some of the Sudan dyes have been used in the past to colour foodstuffs however, many of these, including Sudan I (see Figure 11.7), Sudan III, and Sudan IV are now banned substances. Sudan dyes have been shown to cause cancer in animal studies and thus have been declared carcinogens. They are not permitted as an additive in any foodstuff in the United Kingdom and the rest of the European Union. 

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