Unbranched alkanes, naming

The lUPAC rules assign names to unbranched alkanes as shown m Table 2 2 Methane ethane propane and butane are retained for CH4 CH3CH3 CH3CH2CH3 and CH3CH2CH2CH3 respectively Thereafter the number of carbon atoms m the chain is specified by a Latin or Greek prefix preceding the suffix ane which identifies the com pound as a member of the alkane family Notice that the prefix n is not part of the lUPAC system The lUPAC name for CH3CH2CH2CH3 is butane not n butane... 

The lUPAC rules name branched alkanes as substituted derivatives of the unbranched alkanes listed in Table 2 2 Consider the CgHi4 isomer represented by the structure... 

Pick out the longest continuous carbon chain and find the lUPAC name m Table 2 2 that corresponds to the unbranched alkane having that number of carbons This is the parent alkane from which the lUPAC name is to be derived... 

As you can see cycloalkanes are named under the lUPAC system by adding the prefix cyclo to the name of the unbranched alkane with the same number of carbons as the ring Substituent groups are identified m fhe usual way Their posifions are specified by numbering fhe carbon atoms of fhe ring m fhe direction fhaf gives fhe lowesf num ber to fhe subsfifuenfs af fhe firsf pomf of difference... 

Find the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms and assign a basis name to the compound corresponding to the lUPAC name of the unbranched alkane having the same number of carbons... 

Assign a basis name according to the number of carbons in the corresponding unbranched alkane Drop the ending -ane and replace it by -y/... 

Univalent radicals derived from saturated unbranched alkanes by removal of hydrogen from a terminal carbon atom are named by adding -yl in place of -ane to the stem name. Thus the alkane... 

Bivalent radicals derived from saturated unbranched alkanes by removal of two hydrogen atoms are named as follows (1) If both free bonds are on the same carbon atom, the ending -ane of the hydrocarbon is replaced with -ylidene. However, for the first member of the alkanes it is methylene... 

When molecules start to get complicated like this, they must be named carefully, according to some rules. One rule is to look for the longest unbranched alkane in the molecule. In this molecule, it is butane (four carbons). Next, describe the branch. In this case, it is methane (one carbon). Then describe where the branch is attached. In this case, it is attached to the second carbon in butane. The name is thus 2-methylbutane. 

Unbranched alkanes. Unbranched alkanes are also called normal alkanes. The names of the first four members of the homologous series of unbranched or normal alkanes, C H2 + 2 are retained names. They were coined more than 100 years ago, officially recognised by the Geneva Conference in 1892, and have been used ever since. There are no alternative names for them. 

The names of unbranched alkanes are of the utmost importance because these alkanes are the parent hydrides used to name all aliphatic molecules, i.e. molecules having a carbon-chain skeleton. 

AUcyclic Hydrocarbons. Saturated monocyclic hydrocarbons, or, 4cy do-alkanes, are named by attaching the prefix cyclo to the name of the acydic unbranched alkane. 

The general molecular formula of the alkanes is C H 2n+2. In this formula the n is a whole and positive number and, as can be derived from the formula, the number of H atoms is two more than double the number of C atoms. In Table 3.6 the formulae and names of the first ten unbranched alkanes are given. 

Table 3.6 Names and formulas of the first ten unbranched alkanes...

Steps 1 and 2 are all that are needed to name unbranched alkanes. For example, the straight-chain alkane with seven carbons is heptane. 

Recall that carbon can bond to form long, continuous, chain-like structures. Alkanes that bond in this way are called straight-chain alkanes. (They are also called unbranched alkanes.) Straight-chain alkanes are the simplest alkanes. Table 13.2 lists the names of the first ten straight-chain alkanes. 

Write the names of the first ten members of aliphatic unbranched alkane series. 

Alkanes are organic molecules in which all the carbons are bonded to four atoms (i.e., all single bonds). These molecules are saturated because carbon has the maximum number of atoms surrounding it. Organic molecules are named systematically using a straight-chain or unbranched alkane as a backbone (see Table 12.2). 

What are the names of the radicals formed when a hydrogen atom is removed from one end of each of the first four unbranched alkanes (See Table 20.1 if... 

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