Umbilicaria pustulata

Pustulan (a glucan from the lichen Umbilicaria pustulata)... 

Ascaso, C., Galvan, J. Ortega, C. (1976). The pedogenic action of Parmelia conspersa, Rhizocarpon geographicum and Umbilicaria pustulata. Lichenologist, 8, 151-71. 

In Umbilicaria pustulata the cortex of the isidia (Fig. 96) is not formed secondarily but the cortex of the thallus grows upwards and surrounds the medullary tissue from their initiation. 

Ramakrishnan, S., and Subramanian, S. S. (1966a). Amino acids of Lobaria subisidiosa, Umbilicaria pustulata, Parmelia nepalensis and Ramalina sinensis. Curr. Sci. 35, 124. Ramakrishnan, S., Subramanian, S. S. (1966b). Amino acids of Dermatocarponmoulinsii. Curr. Sci. 35, 284. 

The maximum saturated water content of lichens under natural conditions is achieved only during rain showers and for short periods thereafter. According to Stocker (1927) and other investigators, lichens do not achieve their maximum water saturation after a heavy, but short rain because water streams down from their thalli. Thus, even during humid periods, lichens are almost always in a state of insufficient saturation. The peculiarity of their gas-exchange processes is closely connected with this ecological property. Stocker (1927) showed that Lobaria pulmonaria and Umbilicaria pustulata reached their optimum assimilation at 10-1 of their maximum saturation. 

Manufacturing method After extracting from lichen, Umbilicaria pustulata, the acetyl group that is included in around 10% of the glucose residues is eliminated in a dilute sodium carbonate aqueous solution and is precipitation-purified using isopropanol. 

Ramalina siliquosa, R. subfarinacea Peltigera canina, Umbilicaria cylindrica, U. pustulata, Cladonia gr. pyxidata, Usnea muricata, H. physodes, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Parmelia conspersa, Bryoria fuscescens Hypogymnia caperata, Diploica canescens, Lecanora expallens H. physodes... 

France. In 1980 the Pb pollution produced by car exhausts on the adjacent motorway (A6) was assessed by means of several lichen species Cladonia portentosa, Cladonia chlorophaea, Lasallia pustulata, Umbilicaria grisea, H. physodes, P. caperata, Ever-nia prunastri, Lecanora conizaeoides and U. hirta. In 1992 these lichens were found to contain less Pb than twelve years previously. The average figure for all measured species in all sites displayed a similar decrease 3.2-3.S times less. The decrease of Pb fallout along the motorway was ascribed to the consumption of unleaded gasoline. 

Rankovic B, Misic M, Sukdolak S (2007b) Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the lichens Lasallia pustulata, Parmelia sulcata, Umbilicaria crustulosa and Umbilicaria cylindrical. Microbiology 76 723-727... 

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