Ultrasonic washing

Various membrane materials are to be compared for corrosion resistance in hydrochloric acid. Membrane samples are ultrasonically cleaned with Freon for 5 minutes and dried at 200°C for 2 hours followed by similar steps of ultrasonic cleaning with demineralized water and drying. The conditioned membrane samples are then immersed in 35% HG solution, making sure that no air bubbles are trapped in pores. The acid exposure at the test temperature (e.g. 25°C) continues for a given period (e.g. one week). The tested samples are ultrasonically washed with demineralized water for 5 minutes and dried at 200°C for 2 hours. The weights of the cleaned membrane samples before and after the acid exposure are compared to assess the relative corrosion resistance of various membrane materials. 

The wet assay technique to measure dust in cotton was a modification of the method described by Thibodeaux (11). A 400-mg tuft of cotton, randomly selected from a bulk sample, was subjected to multiple ultrasonic washings in methanol. Clean methanol (200 ml) was used for each of three 5-min washings. The combined methanol washings were filtered through a 17 ym sizing screen (the screen was identical for both wet and dry assay procedures) and collected on a 0.5 ym filter. Increase in filter weight provided the measure of dust content (%) in cotton by wet assay. 

It has been reported that active charcoal from waste industrial catalyst Zn(OAc)2/C could be recovered by ultrasonic washing [70]. After ultrasonic washing in water for 15 min at ambient temperature followed by calcining at 650 °C, the zinc acetate could be removed effectively and the regenerated active charcoal was found to have a quality up to the standard of Forestry Department of... 

China, LY216-9. By comparing the DTA and TG curves of the active charcoal regenerated with hot water washing and ultrasonic washing, the enhanced effect of the ultrasonic washing was thought to be the result of some form of sonocapillary phenomena. 

Tris(4-methylphenyl)bismuthine (0.482 g, 1 mmol) was added to a suspension of freshly prepared iodosobenzene (0.286 g, 1.3 mmol) in dry dichloromethane (30 ml) and the resulting mixture was sonicated at 35°C under argon on a commercial ultrasonic washing machine until the substrate was completely consumed (checked by TLC). After 2-3 h, the chalky suspension turned to a bright yellow solution of tris(4-methylphenyl)bismuthine oxide, which was quickly filtered through a Celite bed and used for further pmposes [94TL8197]. 

Plutonium-contaminated wastes, which mainly comprise paper, gloves, and contaminated, unserviceable equipment fix)m the maintenance of plants handling plutonium, can be treated in the following ways combustible waste—incineration and acid digestion and noncombustible waste— decontamination by electropolishing or ultrasonic washing. 

The liquid photosensitive resin is employed as a top coating on an aluminum support. A negative is then used and exposed to actinic radiation from a Xenon lamp. The unexposed areas are removed with a solution of surface-active agents using an ultrasonic washing technique. 

The ultrasonic washing machine is used for cleaning the fuU-face and semi-face masks. The worker is obligated to clean the protection of respiratory system at the end of each shift. However, not always the employees respect this rule. For this purpose, it will be useful to hire a company which will provide the cleaning, maintenance and revision of the masks. The service workers will clean the masks, check the filters etc., so the mask will be prepared for the next use. The employee will lift up the mask before the start of each shift and hand it in at the end of the shift at a particular place. 

The system CTAB/l-hexanol/water was utilized by Fang and Yang [258] for preparation of Zr02-Y203 nanoparticles. In one (reverse) microemulsion, aqueous ammonium hydroxide was introduced as precipitant while the other contained Zr-oxychloride and Y-nitrate (ZrA = 94/6) the two were mixed under stirring. The precipitate obtained by centrifugation was ultrasonically washed in pure ethanol, dried at 85 C under vacuum and calcined at 600 C/2h. The particle size distribution was wide, from about 10 nm to 70 nm. 

The use of detergent-free ultrasonic washing may be the best method to clean small plastic parts. In this type of washer, clean water is placed in a tank that is subjected to ultrasonic (high-frequency) vibrations. Thousands of small bubbles form from the ultrasonic agitation. These bubbles scrub the part s surface and clean it without the use of heavy detergents or solvents. 

Another cleaning routinely used is washing the ITO surface with a solution of Triton X-100 (a surfactant) and water (140, 144). Other surfactant solutions might also be used for washing the surface. This is followed up by ultrasonic washing in ultrapure water and ethanol for at least 10 min each. 

Filters are washed for reuse by an off-line process involving rinsing with hot amine oxide, chemically decomposing the residual compounds and then ultrasonic washing. 

Materials. Ibe polymer substrates used for grafting were fPTFE plates (thickness = 1.0mm) obtained from Furon Kogyo Co. (Japan). The fPTTE plates were cut into 2 X 6 cm and washed in water, methanol and acetone for 3 hours in an ultrasonic washing machine, respectively, and then dried under reduced pressure. NIPAAm was purified by recrystallization and DMA was purified by distillation under reduced pressure. JV,JV -methylenebisaaylamide (Bis Kanto Kagaku Co. Ltd.), iV , i r",iV"-tetramethyl ethylenediamine (TEMED, MI CK Co. Ltd.), N,N -azobisisobutylonitrile(AIBN Wako Chemical Co. Lhl.) and benzophenone(Wako Qiemicai Co.Ltd.) were used without purification. 

While care was taken to purify the carbon nanotubes as much as possible before synthesis of the nanocomposite material by using a combination of ultrasonication, washing with deionized water, drying in air, and washing with HCl [29], some impurities must have remained in the sample, causing the observed drop. Additionally, the PANI-MWCNT sample contained a higher amount of moisture, as it was observed that this sample readily absorbed moisture, as the sample was handled and stored in atmospheric conditions. 

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