Ultradisperse detonation diamonds

A commercial technology of ultradisperse detonation diamond powder (technical specifications TU 2-037-677-94) has been developed and its production has been organized at the Russian Federal Nuclear Center-Zababakhin All-Russian Research Institute of Technical Physics (RFNC-VNIITF), Snezhinsk, Chelyabinsk Region. The major physicochemical parameters of this product are given in Table 2.2. 

Table 2.2 The major physicochemical parameters of ultradisperse detonation diamond powder produced at the Russian Federal Nuclear Center-Zababakhin All-Russian Research Institute of Technical Physics, Snezhinsk, Chelyabinsk Region.

In Chapter 2, the development of composite materials based on improved nanodiamonds is reported by P. Ya Detkov, V. A. Popov, V. G. Kuhchikhin and S. I. Chukhaeva. The authors describe methods for improving the quality of diamond nanopowders obtained by detonation synthesis, as well as some commercial applications of nanodiamonds. The authors prove that the synthetic detonation diamond is a promising material that can be used in many fields. Of special interest are its applications in compos ite materials both with a metal and polymer matrix. Commercial production of ultradisperse diamonds (or nanodiamonds) has been developed, and it is synthesized on a scale sufficient for particular industries. 

Diamond particles formed in the detonation synthesis ate 2-6 nm in size. Particles of detonation diamond have a cubic lattice with lattice parameter a = 0.3575 nm (in natural diamond, a = 0.3566 nm). Due to the small size of particles, the detonation diamonds are called ultradisperse diamonds (UDD) or nanodiamonds. 

Ultrasmall size of primary particles, specificity of stracture formation processes, extremely high dispersity and specific surface, coordination unsaturation of surface atoms of carbon, and the presence of functional groupings on them, all these significantly distinguish detonation diamonds from natural diamonds and static-synthesis diamonds. As the detonation method of UDD synthesis developed, it became clear that ultradisperse diamonds could have not only traditional but also absolutely new applications. 

Dolmatov VY (2003) Ultradisperse diamonds of detonation synthesis production, properties and applications. State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg... 

Dolmatov VY. Detonation synthesis ultradispersed diamonds properties and apphca-tions. Rnss Chem Rev 2001 70 607. 

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Kuznetsov, V.L., Chuvilin, A.L., Moroz, E.M. et al., 1994b, Effect of explosions on the structure of detonation soots Ultradisperse diamond and onion carbon. Carbon 32, 873-882. 

Second way to obtain Pd°/Pd in active site is use of ultradispersed diamond (UDD) as support. UDD is one of the new carbon cluster substances that may be produced in large amounts by the detonation method. UDD possesses high specific surface area, almost 300 m /g, with several types of carbonyl functional groups predominant on the surface a highly defective structure, super hardness and chemical stability. It was shown by TEM data, palladium particles are well distributed on the surface of UDD and their size lies in relatively narrow range [3]. This fact provides high activity of catalysts supported on UDD in comparison with activity of activated carbon... 

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