Ultra large scale integration

The surface of ultra large-scale integrated circuits (ULSI), from which the heat should be transferred, may be heated by a uniform heat flux, and more often by a non-uniform one. Even in the former case the temperature of the cooled surface is not uniform, but is determined by the heat transfer coefficients along the surface and in the span wise direction. 

As a switching device capable for ultra-large-scale integrated circuits (ULSIs) comprises only one Coulomb island with two leads (electrodes) and a capacitively coupled gate electrode attached to it. This system works as a simple on/off switch and it is often called the SE transistor. Applying a voltage to the outer electrodes of this circuit may either cause sequential transfer of electrons onto and out of the central island or to have no charge transport, i.e. the transistor remains in non-conductive state. The result... 

As indicated above, the goal in recent years in the ultra-large-scale integrated-circuit (ULSI) industry was to reduce contamination on surfaces to below the level detectable with state-of-the-art equipment. For economic and environmental reasons, this had to be replaced by one referred to as just clean enough. This requires that action-reaction-type relationships be identified between contaminants and their influence on a given surface in order to be able to fix acceptable levels of organic and metallic contamination, surface roughness, and other surface characteristics. 

Since the early suggestion that ferroelectric thin film materials could be the high dielectric layer in the capacitor of the ultra large scale integrated dynamic random access memory devices (ULSI DRAMS) made by Parker and Tasch, there has been a great deal of research effort to deposit multi-component ferroelectric oxide thin films as well as more recent industrial activity. The term ferroelectric indicates the property of certain materials that have remnant... 

Nanoceramic Particulates for Chemical Mechanical Planarization in the Ultra Large Scale Integration Fabrication Process... 

ULSI UMP uncor uns UPS ur Ura Urd URL USDA USP USP UTP UV UV PES UV-vis V ultra-large-scale integration uridine 5,-monophosphate, uridine 5,-phosphati uncorrected unsymmetrical ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy urea (ligand) uracil uridine uniform resource locator U.S. Department of Agriculture United States Pharmacopeial Convention The United States Pharmacopeia uridine 5,-triphosphate ultraviolet ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy ultraviolet—visible... 

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