Ulcer perforation

NS AIDs Cyclooxygenases (COX-1, COX-2) l Prostaglandins l Thromboxanes l Sensitization of sensory neurons f Inhibition of spinal neurons Nonselective gastrointestinal ulcers, perforation, bleeding, renal impairment COX-2 thrombosis, myocardial infarction, stroke... 

The nose is usually the first site of contact in the respiratory tract for many airborne chemicals of environmental and occupational concern. Examples of human nasal effects include loss of olfactory function (e.g., anosmia and hyposmia), atrophy of the nasal mucosa, mucosal ulcers, perforated nasal septum, or sinonasal cancer related to exposure to certain metal dusts and vapors (Sunderman 2001). 

Fire-toxin, as a pathological product as well as a pathogenic factor, can accumulate in the intestines. Fire-toxin should be eliminated as soon as possible, especially before long-term accumulation and when the blood is not strongly disturbed, in order to prevent further development of disease, such as in chronic mild infections of the intestines, or at the primary stage of acute appendicitis, acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis, hepatitis and ulcer perforation and inflammation. 

Methotrexate Nausea and vomiting diarrhoea fever anaphylaxis hepatic necrosis Oral and gastrointestinal ulceration, perforation may occur bone marrow depression hepatic toxicity including cirrhosis renal toxicity pulmonary infiltrates and fibrosis osteoporosis conjunctivFtis alopecia depigmentation menstrual dysfunction encephalopathy infertility lymphoma teratogenesis... 

Overall, confirmed upper gastrointestinal events occurred in 177 patients, 56 with rofecoxib n — 4047), and 121 in those taking naproxen n — 4029). In 53 of these patients (16 taking rofecoxib and 37 taking naproxen) the event was complicated. That means that during a median follow-up of 9.0 months, there were 2.1 confirmed gastrointestinal events per 100 patient-years with rofecoxib compared with 4.5 per 100 patient-years with naproxen (RR = 0.5 95% Cl = 0.2, 0.8). The respective rates of complicated ulcers (perforation, obstruction, and bleeding) were 0.6 per 100 patient-years and 1.4 per 100 patient-years (RR = 0.4 95% Cl = 0.2, 0.8). 

Cornea ulcer/perforation Noncardiac pulmonary edema Pneumonia... 

Localized polypoid formation with ulcer/perforation... 

Perforation of peptic ulcer is the most common cause of pneumoperitoneum. Anterior wall ulcers of the stomach and duodenal hulb usually perforate freely into the intraperitoneal space, whereas posterior wall gastric ulcers perforate into the lesser sac. However, a significant proportion of perforated gastric and duodenal ulcers seal off immediately, and free intraperitoneal air can be detected on plain radiography in only 70% of the patients (Rubesin and Levine 2003). An erect chest radiograph and a supine abdominal radiograph are usually obtained if perforation is suspected. Both are very sensitive, and as little as 1 ml of free air can be detected on the horizontal beam examination, which may be... 

Fig. 12.6a-e. Perforation of peptic ulcer. Contrast enhanced CT (CECT) images in five different cases demonstrating a free air anterior to the stomach and free air and fluid in the lesser sac due to perforation of posterior gastric wall ulcer b free intraabdominal air and fluid due to perforation of anterior duodenal bulb ulcer c free air due to duodenal ulcer perforation (arrow) d free air extending into the anterior abdominal wall due to perforation of a duodenal ulcer e retroperitoneal abscess complicating perforation of a posterior duodenal ulcer... 

Some complications have been described with the use of CAs such as systemic inflammatory reaction to foreign body (pain and fever, local tissue necrosis) and inflammatory reaction to foreign body (mediastinitis, esophageal pleural fismla, duodenal ulcer perforation, pancreaticoduodenal necrosis, inflammatory pseudotumor of pancreatic tail). Other twes of complications have also been reported. ... 

Cheah WK, So J, Chong SM, Goh P. Duodenal ulcer perforation following cyanoacrylate injection. Endoscopy. 2000 32 S23. 

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