Posterior wall

In the area perfused by the affected vessel, inadequate supply of oxygen and glucose impairs the function of heart muscle contractile force declines. In the great majority of cases, the left ventricle (anterior or posterior wall) is involved. 

Myocardial hypertrophy Myocardial hypertrophy has been reported in association with the administration of tacrolimus and generally is manifested by echocardiographically demonstrated concentric increases in left ventricular posterior wall and interventricular septum thickness. Hypertrophy has been observed in infants, children, and adults. This condition appears reversible in most cases following dose reduction or discontinuance of therapy. 

Fig. 7.15 Number of capillaries per mm in anterolateral, posterior, and septal walls of studied heart. (A) Anti-factor Vlll-associated antigen counterstained with hematoxylin. (B) Anti-smooth muscle-actin antigen counterstained with hematoxylin. (C) Capillaries reacted with anti-factor VIII-associated antigen inside fibrotic areas only in anterolateral and posterior walls, n = 108 microscope fields for A 96...

Case (v) A 35-year-old female had primary infertility with secondary amenorrhea, ceasation of ovarian function and uterine fibroid tumour on the posterior wall at the junction of upper one-third and lower two-third of the uterus. Symptoms Amenorrhea for the last two years, obase, sweaty palms and soles, craving for eggs, irregular menstruation earlier. 

Fig. 14.1. (A) Implantation of HT-29LP tumor cells into the posterior wall of the rectum. The anterior wall of the anorectal area is cut 7 mm in length between two hemostats to prevent colonic obstruction, resulting from tumor progression. Tumor cells are then injected submucosally using a 27 G needle. (B) At the end of the study period, the abdominal cavity is exposed through a midline incision and para-aortic lymph nodes (arrow), located around the abdominal aorta, are removed and imaged ex vivo.

The vaginal tract in the adult female is about 2 cm in width and consists of an anterior wall of about 8 cm in length and a posterior wall, about 11 cm in length (Figure 11.1). 

To measure left ventricular external diameter (LVED), two ultrasonic transducers are fixed to the left ventricular wall. One crystal is sutured to the posterior wall within the rectangular area formed by the left circumflex coronary artery and the left posterior descending artery. The other one is placed near the first diagonal branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Exact positioning is assured with an oscilloscope. 

A 21-year-old woman had an inferior myocardial infarction, in the absence of cardiovascular risks and with normal coronary arteries on angiography (2). She made a good recovery, but with some persistent posterior-wall akinesia. 

The pancreas is 12 to 15 cm in length and lies across the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. The head is located in the duodenal curve the body and tail are directed toward the left, extending to tlie spleen (Figure 48-2). Pancreatic digestive enzymes, in bicarbonate-rich juice, enter the duodenum through the ampulla of Vater and the sphincter of Oddi and mix with the food bolus as it passes through the small bowel. 

Figure 1.7 (A) The left ventricle may be divided into four walls that till very recently were usually named anterior (A), inferoposterior (IP) or diaphragmatic, septal (S) and lateral (L). However, according to the arguments given in this book, we consider that the inferoposterior wall has to be named just inferior (see p. 16). (B-D) Different drawings of the inferoposterior wall (inferior + posterior walls) according to different ECG textbooks (see inside the figure). In all of them the posterior wall corresponds to the...

Therefore, often, the posterior wall does not exist and for this reason, the name inferior wall seems clearly better than the name inferoposterior . On the other hand, the anterior wall is, in fact, superoanterior, as is clearly appreciated in Figure 1.1 IB. However, in order to harmonise the terminology with imaging experts and to avoid more confusion, we consider that the names anterior wall and inferior wall are the most adequate for its simplification and also, because when an infarct exists in the anterior wall, the ECG repercussion is in the horizontal plane (HP V1-V6) and when it is in the inferior wall - even in the infer-obasal segment - it is in the frontal plane (FP). 

Figure 1.9 Images of the segments into which the left ventricle (LV) is divided according to the transverse transections (short-axis view) performed at the basal, mid and apical levels, considering that the heart is located in the thorax just in a posteroanterior and right-to-left position. Segment 4, inferobasal, was classically named posterior wall. The basal and medial transections delineate...

Classically it was considered that the four walls of the heart are named septal, anterior, lateral and inferoposterior. The posterior wall represents the part of inferoposterior wall that bends upwards. 

Since mid-1960s it was defended that infarction of the posterior wall presents a vector of infarction that faces V1-V2 and therefore explains RS (R) morphology in these leads (Perloff, 1964). 

However, (a) infarction of the inferobasal segment (posterior wall) does not usually generate a Q wave because it depolarises after 40 milliseconds (Durrer et al., 1970) (Figure 9.5). (b) Furthermore, the CMR correlations have demonstrated that the posterior wall often does not exist, because usually the basal part of the inferoposterior wall does not bend upwards (Figure 1.13). (c) In cases that the inferoposterior wall bends upwards, even if the most part of inferior wall is posterior, as may be rarely seen in very lean individuals, as the heart is located in an oblique... 

Figure 4.6 The electrode located in the epicardium of ischaemia of posterior wall (arrow) is produced. (Adapted...

Figure 4.17 Acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation in II, III and VF and ST-segment depression in V1-V3. This pattern corresponds classically to an infarction involving inferior and posterior walls. Nowadays, this is the pattern of STE-ACS of inferolateral zone evolving to inferolateral infarction due to distal occlusion of a dominant RCA (ST-segment depression in I and V1-V3,...

In the presence of occlusion of RCA even with involvement of inferobasal segment (classical posterior wall), but without involvement of lateral wall (pure inferior involvement), in the... 

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