Types of Crystalline Solids

12 Distinguish among the following types of crystalline solids ionic, molecular, covalent network, and metallic. 

Crystalline solids can be divided into four classes on the basis of the types of forces that hold particles together in the crystal lattice. 

Molecular Crystals Examples of molecular crystals include Ij and ICl. Small, discrete molecules are held together by relatively weak intermolecular forces of the types discussed in Section 15.3. Molecular crystals are typically soft, low-melting, and generally (but not always) insoluble in water. They usually dissolve in nonpolar or 

Covalent network solids, like ionic crystals, have high melting points. A very high temperature is needed to break the covalent bonds in crystals of quartz (about 1700°C) or diamond (about 3500°C). Covalent network solids are almost always 

Metallic bonding results from the attractive forces between the positively charged metal ions in the crystal and the negatively charged electrons in the electron sea. See Section 12.8. 

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Know the five types of crystalline solid atomic, molecular, ionic, metallic, and network. 

Type of Crystalline Solid Particles Involved Primary Forces of Attraction Between Particles Boiling Point Electrical Conductivity in Liquid State Other Physical Properties of Crystals Conditions Necessary for Formation Examples... 

A summary of the various types of crystalline solids is given in Table 1.12, relating the type of structure to its physical properties. It is important to realise that... 

The spring model suggests that the symmetry of the crystal lattice determines the different forms of the dielectric tensor that is, they are related to the seven types of crystalline solid (amorphous solids and most liquids are isotropic). This is summarized as follows ... 

A summary of the different types of crystalline solids and their characteristics is given in Table 10.9. 

The four types of crystalline solids are summarized in Table 14.2. 

Examples of three types of crystalline solids. Only part of the structure is shown in each case, (a) An atomic solid, (b) An ionic solid, (c) A molecular solid. The dashed lines show the hydrogen bonding among the polar water molecules. 

List the types of crystalline solids that are usually good conductors of heat and elecuicity. (13.3)... 

Hypothesizing What type of crystalline solid do you predict would best suit the following needs ... 

Describe the three types of cubic unit cells and explain how to find the number of particles in each and how packing of spheres gives rise to each calculate the atomic radius of an element from its density and crystal structure distinguish the types of crystalline solids explain how the electron-sea model and band theory account for the properties of metals and how the size of the energy gap explains the conductivity of substances ( 12.6) (SP 12.4) (EPs 12.57-12.75)... 

Of the five major types of crystalline solid, which does each of the following form (a) cholesterol (Ci7H450H) ... 

The Soiid State Properties of Solids Types of Crystalline Solids... 

There are many different types of crystalline solids. For example, both sugar and salt have beautiful crystals that we can easily see. However, although both dissolve readily in water, the properties of the resulting solutions are quite different. The salt solution readily conducts an electric current the sugar solution does not. 

This behavior arises from the different natures of the components in these two solids. Common salt, NaCl, is an ionic solid that contains Na and Cl ions. When solid sodium chloride dissolves in water, sodium ions and chloride ions are distributed throughout the resulting solution. These ions are free to move through the solution to conduct an electric current. Table sugar (sucrose), on the other hand, is composed of neutral molecules that are dispersed throughout the water when the solid dissolves. No ions are present, and the resulting solution does not conduct electricity. These examples illustrate two important types of crystalline solids ionic solids, represented by sodium chloride and molecular solids, represented by sucrose. 

A third type of crystalline solid is represented by elements such as graphite and diamond (both pure carbon), boron, silicon, and all metals. These substances, which contain atoms covalently bonded to each other, are called atomic solids. 

Name the type of crystalline solid formed by each of the following substances ... 

O What are the forces holding each type of crystalline solid together Predict which type would have the lowest boiling point. Explain your choice. 

On the basis of fhe smaller units that make up the crystals, cite three types of crystalline solids. For each type of crystalline solid, give an example of a substance that forms that type of solid. 

Interactive Table Explore types of crystalline solids at qlencoe.com. 

OBJECTIVE To learn about the various types of crystalline solids. 

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