Types of conductive fibers

Which types of conductive fibers are suitable for this system architecture ... 

Pitch-based fibers generally have higher moduh but lower strengths than theh PAN-based counterparts. The specific properties of the various types of carbon fibers are compared in Figure 4. Pitch-based fibers also have higher electrical conductivity, which can be an important consideration in certain circumstances, for example, for use in electromagnetic inductance (EMI) shielding. 

B. Inhibition of impulse conduction in different types of nerve fibers... 

When applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations, local anesthetics (Figure 23.2) reversibly block the action potentials responsible for nerve conduction. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. Thus, a local anesthetic in contact with a nerve trank can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the area innervated. The necessary practical advantage of the local anesthetics is that their action is reversible at clinically relevant concentra-... 

An experiment conducted to compare the tensile strengths of the types of synthetic fibers gave the breaking strength shown below in thousands of pounds force per square inch (PS I) ... 

Certain types of carbon fibers can have extremely high thermal conductivity. Examples of such carbon fibers include ... 

The peripheral nerves of mammals consist of bundles of neurons held together in a fibrous envelope called the epi-Murium. The change in potential for these systems is the sum of the action potentials of all the axon.s in the sy.siem if extracellular recording is attempted. Each axon in the system has a different threshold potential, and so the number of axons firing svill initially increase with increased intensity of the stimulus. Eventually, all the axon.s in the nerve will fm . and at this point, further increases in the intensity of the stimulus will cause no further increase in the size of the eciion potential. In bundles of mixed nerves, there will be multiple peaks in the action potential profile, however, because the differing types of nerve fiber will have different conduction speeds. 

Not all cells in the cardiac conduction system rely on sodium influx for initial depolarization. Some tissues depolarize in response to a slower inward ionic current caused by calcium influx. These calcium-dependent tissues are found primarily in the SA and AV nodes (both L- and T-channels) and possess distinct conduction properties in comparison with the sodium-dependent fibers. Calcium-dependent cells generally have a less negative RMP (-40 to -60 mV) and a slower conduction velocity. Furthermore, in calcium-dependent tissues, recovery of excitability outlasts full repolarization, whereas in sodium-dependent tissues, recovery is prompt after repolarization. These two types of electrical fibers also differ dramatically in how drugs modify their conduction properties (see below). 

Carbon fiber is brittle material made from organic fibers through a series of heat treatment and contains carbon content of more than 90%. When the carbon content is over 99%, this type of carbon fiber is called graphite fiber. Carbon fiber has excellent properties of carbon element, such as low density, good heat resistance and exeeUent thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity coefficient, good corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity and so on. At the same time, it is also soft like fiber, and can be weaving and winding. 

For this reason the fibers should be fine and fabrics should have a low weight per unit area (not more than 3(X)g/m ) (Statex, 2015). These danands are inconsistent with the materials and geometries that are needed for electrical conductivity purposes. Fig. 4.2 shows different types of conductive (black) and insulating (white) structures of conductive fibers. Each of those could have different apphcations, for example a shell conductive fiber is best applied where there is no need for bulk signal transmission (low frequency and high power, while rising the frequency for the so-called skin effect the conduction is sustained in the very superficial layer of a conductor), a wholly conductive fiber is not supposed to suffer from surface modification/oxidation, a core conductive fiber is normally the solution for avoiding surface modification/ oxidation, and so on. 

Little information is available about differences in particle uptake as a function of either anatomical location within the lung or as a function of cell type. In the mouse, all types of conducting airway cells, except mucous cells, phagocytosed 5-nm-iron oxide particles administered by inhalation (72,73). The iron oxide particles were translocated through the cell to the interstitium, and this phenomenon appeared to occur primarily in ciliated cells. In human bronchial explants, the ciliated cells took up both asbestos and glass fibers (71), but uptake occurred primarily in areas with relatively few cilia, apparently because areas with numerous actively beating cilia tended to move particles away from the cell surfaces. In hamster tracheal explants, there was a similar effect for long, but not short, fibers of both chrysotile and crocidolite. 

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