Type Doubling

When a degenerate vibrational-rotational energy level is present in a molecqle, a phenomenon termed 7-type doubling is sometimes 

The source of /-type doubling is the change in the moment of inertia of a molecule that occurs as a result of Coriolis interaction between a vibration and a rotation. 

The perpendicular vibrations of linear polyatomic molecules can be doubly degenerate and can therefore show /-type doubling. Some combination bands of linear molecules will not show intensity alternation but will be subject to /-type splitting. 

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The effect is known as /1-type doubling.12 The quantity q is constant for a particular electronic state. 

This behaviour is very similar to that in a 17 — 2 vibrational transition in a linear polyatomic molecule (Section 6.2.4.1) in which the splitting is known as f-typc doubling. Quantitatively, though, /1-type doubling is often a much larger effect. 

Considerable work has been done on linear molecules as discussed earlier In excited bending vibrational states a vibrational Zeeman effect is observable which has been studied by Hiittner and Morgenstem 5 > in the / = 1 - -2 transition in OCS and 1-type doubling transitions in HCN, both molecules being in their first excited bending vibrational states. Since these states are very sensitive with respect to smcdl electric fields because of the close degeneracy of the l-t5q)e doublets. 

In sections 2.2 through 2.5 the diamagnetic molecules are ordered according to the type of their respective spectrum as follows Diatomic molecules (2.2), linear molecules (2.3), symmetric top molecules (2.4), and asymmetric top molecules (2,5). Molecules which are asymmetric only due to isotopic substitution are listed together with their parent species in 2.4. The tables include rotational constants, centrifugal distortion constants, rotation-vibration interaction constants, and 1-type doubling constants. Some additional molecular constants obtained by microwave type methods have been listed as well. References to publications concerning the molecular structure are cited separately. 

The 1-type doubling constants can be determined from the splitting of degenerate excited rotation-vibration states as a result of which the rotational lines are split. This splitting is caused by the interaction of the angular momentum of the degenerate vibration with the total angular momentum. 

Ciihe Mushroom type Double cone Single rotor Jet mill Conveyor-helt loading... 

C3 Rankine type double steam cycle Closed upper cycle None Hydrogen/air None High efficiency... 

In general, four types of sprockets are available for roller chains. They are steel plate without hubs, cast iron or steel with hubs on one or both sides, split type, double-duty type. 

High molecular weight linear polyethylene was obtained from ethylene polymerization by TiCl2 (146) this polymer contained only vinyl-type double bonds (less than 0.1 per 1000 carbon atoms). 

NO3 bond, the coplanarity of all atoms, and the retention of the ethylene-type double bond character for the CN bond. 

Corrugated materials involving several plies of paper consist of facings and steamed and formed layer(s) of corrugated paper. They may exist as single-faced or double-faced (a, b, c, e flute types) double-wall or triple-wall materials. The latter contain two and three corrugated layers. 

Amat, G., and Nielsen, H. H. (1958b), Vibrational l-Type Doubling and /-Type Resonance in Polyatomic Molecules, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 2, 152. 

In re Lonardo, 119 F.3d 960, 965 (Fed. Cir. 1997) See In re Goodman, 11 F.3d 1046, 1052 (Fed. Cir. 1993). The Patent Office allows a terminal disclaimer to cure an obviousness-type double patenting rejection only when the same entity owns both patents. 

FIG. 10-113 Internal bellows-type double mechanical seal. 

Under specific conditions, the potential of zero charge does not appear to be constant during electrochemical experiment, which makes the double-layer effect more complex. For example, the shift of the potential of zero charge during electroreduction of S20g , combined with the Frumldn-type double-layer effect, has been proposed [26] as an explanation for the oscillatory reduction of peroxodisulfate on Au(llO) in diluted solutions of NaF. 

Figure 6. B-Type double-stranded DNA left) and intercalated DNA (right).

Field desorption and electron impact ionization mass spectra were taken by using a Matsuda type double focussing spectrometer... 

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Given the high regioselectivity, the type of addition in the insertion step must always be the same. It was found that in the polymerization of cis- and trans-[l-2H ]-propene a yyn-type double-bond opening takes place during insertion, eventually resulting in em/iro-diisotactic and f/ireo-diisotactic polymers, respectively 332-334... 

Fig. 4.16 A-type doubling in a 2ni/(2 electronic level. Half the rotational levels belong to the 2Hi /2 electronic state, half to the 2n, 2 state. The doubling is exaggerated in practice, it is small and often not resolved.

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