Turkestan

Arid and semi-arid lands are quite widespread in Asia, where deserts make up some 11% of this continent (Table 1.1) in Central Asia, north and east of the Caspian to Aral Sea area. In the Turkestan desert, large dunes form huge sand seas (Nettleton and Peterson, 1983). West and North of China, the Takla-Makan and Gobi deserts dominate the landscapes. More to the south, the Great Indian Desert extends up to the Himalayan foothills. More to the west are the hyperarid areas of the Dasht-i-Lat and Dasht-i-Kavri deserts in Iran and Syrian deserts. Immense areas in the north-central part of the Arabian Peninsula and in the Rub al Khali deserts in its southeastern part are hyperarid or arid. 

Cannabis is one of civiiization s oidest cuitivated nonfood plants, and does not seem to exist anymore in its wiid form (figure 10.1). In addition to its psychoactive effects, the cannabis plant has also been used for its fibers. Hemp fibers have been found in China dating from 4000 B.C.E., and hemp ropes were dated to 3000 B.C.E. in Turkestan, but it is not certain that cannabis was used for psychoactive purposes at those piaces and times (Schuites and Hofman 1992). 

A distinct feature of honeydew honey is the trisaccharide melezi-tose, which has been identified in the exudate manna of the Douglas fir the European larch, and the North American Jack or scrub pine. According to the late Professor C. S. Hudson, Turkestan manna contains 20-38% of melezitose, and Douglas-fir manna, 50% of melezitose. At one time, melezitose formed 20-30% of the total... 

TYUYANUN1TE. An ore of uranium with the composition. Ca(U02)2 (V04)2 5 — 8H2O, which occurs in yellow incrustations as a secondary mineral. The mineral is orthorhombic, It occurs as a secondary mineral as incrustations on limestones, and as disseminated impregnations in sandstones. Found abundantly 111 the Western United Stales, at Grants, New Mexico, and in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado. Nevada, Arizona and Texas. Also at Tyuya Muyan in Turkestan, the former U.S.S.R. 

The host plant is indigenous on sandy soil in East Germany, Poland, the Ukraine, Asia Minor, the Caucasus and Turkestan. 

Mandelic acid, hexahydro-, optical rotation of, IV, 72 Manna, Alhagi, II, 4, 10 of ash tree, II, 3 III, 145 from Douglas fir, II, 11 larch, of Brian gon Persian, II, 6, 7 Turkestan, II, 5 Manna sugar. See D-Mannitol. 

Cashmere goat soft fibers for textiles Tibet, China, Persia, Turkestan, Outer Mongolia... 

Carthamus flower heads Tubular florets Carthamus Turkestan India... 

Santonin (la,b), an effective drug for treating intestinal roundwormS/ was first isolated from unexpanded flower heads of Artemesia plants (Levant Wormseed) grown in Russian and Chinese Turkestan and the Southern Ural region. The structure of this compound was established by Clemo et al. [2,3] and Ruzicka and Steiner [4]. Santonin exists in two forms, a-santonin and p-santonin, the stereochemistry of which has been worked out by several workers [5-7]. 

Santonica. Levant wormseed. Dried, unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia maritima L., sens, lat., Compasitae. Habit, Iran, Turkestan. Constit. 2-4% santonin, 2-3% volatile oil artemisin, resin. 

Divine Mud (shenni). In the methods of the Nine Elixirs, this mud is made of alum (fanshi), Turkestan salt (rongyan), lake salt (luxian), arsenolite yu-shi), oyster shells (muli), red clay (chishi zhi), and talc (huashi). The seven ingredients are pounded, heated for nine days and nights in an iron vessel, pounded again, sieved, and then soaked in a Flowery Pond (huachi). The crucible is luted first with this mud, then with the mud of Mysterious and Yellow, and finally is left to dry in the sun for ten daysd ... 

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