Turbogenerator

A further enhancement to the HRS process whereby the exhaust from a gas fired turbine is used to superheat steam from the HRS process is also possible (129). The superheated steam is then fed through a turbogenerator to produce additional electricity. This increases the efficiency of heat recovery of the turbine exhaust gas. With this arrangement, electric power generation of over 13.6 kW for 1 t/d (15 kW/STPD) is possible. Good general discussions on the sources of heat and the energy balance within a sulfuric acid plant are available (130,131). 

Turbogenerator reaehes rated load at design ambient and exhaust temperature eonditions... 

Nuclear power production involves bringing fissionable material together to react nuclearly, removing the heat, converting the heat to steam to drive a turbogenerator. and managing the wastes. 

Industry needs both electricity and heat. It is possible for an industry to produce its electricity from gas-fired turbogenerators and use the rejected heat for industrial purposes. The rejected heat can be at relatively high temperature, making it more useful if some sacrifice is made in the efficiency of the... 

Craig, P. (1997). The Capstone Turbogenerator as an Alternative Power Source. Paper 970292 (February). Pittsburgh, PA Society of Automotive Engineers. 

As discussed in Section 15.2.2, the gas turbine s main disadvantage is its low efficiency of around 25-35 per cent in open cycle. However, this can be significantly improved by the use of a heat-recovery boiler that converts a good proportion of the otherwise waste heat in the turbine exhaust gases to high-pressure superheated steam, which, in turn, drives a conventional steam turbogenerator for supplementary electrical power. This can increase the overall efficiency to 50 per cent for no further heat input as fuel. 

The simple back-pressure turbine provides maximum economy with the simplest installation. An ideal backpressure turbogenerator set relies on the process steam requirements to match the power demand. However, this ideal is seldom realized in practice. In most installations the power and heat demands will fluctuate widely, with a fall in electrical demand when steam flow, for instance, rises. 

The foundations of any turbogenerator installation play a significant part in the safe operation of the machine. Industrial turbines will normally operate at above synchronous speed and will drive an alternator via a reduction gearbox. Any vibration or out of balance occurring under both normal or abnormal operation must be accommodated by the foundations, and their design should therefore best be undertaken by a specialist organization. The layout... 

The turbogenerator speed must be maintained within narrow limits if it is to generate power acceptably and the control system must be capable of preventing over-speed upon sudden loss of load. For this latter requirement, fastacting valves are necessary with full modulation within 0.5 s. The security of the turbine is also dependent upon the lubrication of its bearings, and it will be found that the control systems are closely linked with the various lubricating systems (turbine, gearbox and alternator). 

These systems must be inherently reliable and safe, particularly from the point of view of fire protection, and fire-resistant fluids can be used for control systems in order to reduce this risk. Fire-detection and fire-fighting systems should always be provided for any turbogenerator installation. 

The essential ingredients for producing heat in a thermal fission nuclear reactor are the fuel and a moderator. A heat transport system with its coolant is necessary to convey the heat from the reactor to boilers where steam is produced to drive the turbogenerator. The natural materials available for fuel and moderator are uranium ore and water natural uranium extracted from the ore comprises the fissionable isotope uranium-235 and water contains hydrogen which is a good moderator. (Table I)... 

Pernecker, G. Uhlig, S. 2002. Altheim Geothermal Project District heating system in Upper Austria pays for injection well with power generated by a low-enthalpy ORC turbogenerator. Geothermal Resources Council Bulletin, 31, 33-36. 

One offers oils and other greases to be applied in different process areas in the sugar mill industry. There are around 20 different products, and they are applied in different points like pumps, sugar cane conveyors, bearing turbogenerators, speed reducers and others. The aim is to identify opportunities to apply Chemical Leasing in other points of the process, and identify the payment index (for example per work hours). 

Polyphenyldiethylsiloxane varnishes are solutions of phenyldiethylsi-loxane polymer in petrol, toluene or a mixture of petrol and turpentine. They are liquids ranging in colour from yellow to brown. The varnishes are heat-resistant they are used to produce insulating materials for temperatures up to 180 °C and high humidity. Heat-resistant insulation of polyphenyldiethylsiloxane varnishes is widely used in electric engines, in rotors of turbogenerators, etc. 

One refrigeration system is electrically driven a second is operated by a condensing turbine. High pressure steam from a power house is pressure-reduced for use by the plant as it passes through one air compressor turbine, one refrigeration machine turbine, and the high pressure section of the turbogenerator. 

FIG. 29-77 Synchro -self-shifting clutch for large turbogenerator applications. Courtesy SSS Clutch Ccnnpany, Inc., New Castle, Delaware.)... 

The existing boilers in the sugar mill are two 54 toimes/hr bagasse-fuelled boilers, each capable of generating 100 tonnes/hr at 22 bar, 300 C, and, apart from the mechanical drives in the mill, a 3 300 kW turbogenerator. 

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