Tumour therapy

Yu JJ, Sun X, Yuan X, Lee JW, Snyder EY, Yu JS (2006) Immunomodulatory neural stem cells for brain tumour therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 6 1255-1262... 

Fig. 8.22 Mode of action of photosensitisers in tumour therapy (schematic)...

Grisold W, Drlicek M, Liszka-Setinek U, Wondrusch E. Anti-tumour therapy in paraneoplastic neurological disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1995 97(1) 106-111. 

While the picture given so far looks pretty bleak, there is hope of improvement. Among several new approaches to tumour therapy, monoclonal antibodies have started to make the most substantial contribution to improving its effectiveness and reducing the severity of side effects. 

The first demonstration that antibodies can be of use in tumour therapy actually predate s the invention of monoclonal antibodies however, the uniformity of monoclonal antibodies makes them superior for the following reasons ... 

As with the traditional types of tumour therapy, the success of antibody therapy is always endangered by the potential emergence of resistant clones. To reduce this risk, antibodies are typically used in combination or altematingly with other types of agents. 

Bergamo, A., Gaiddon, C., Schellens, J.H.M., Beijnen, J.H., Sava, G. Approaching tumour therapy beyond platinum drugs status of the art and perspectives of ruthenium drug candidates. J. Inorg. Biochem. 106, 90-99 (2012)... 

Chaplin DJ, Pettit GR, Hill SA. Anti-vascular approaches to solid tumour therapy evaluation of combretastatin A4 phosphate. Anticancer Res. 1999 19 189-195. 88. 

A series of examples reveal that cell systems like these can be used in wide ranging studies of, for example, cancer sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy and the analysis of penetration by cytotoxic drugs in targeted tumour therapies... 

Kopper. L. et al. (1994) Antisense tumour therapy (a dream under construction). /nVfvo.S. 781-786. 

BANERJEE, S., et al., Lu-DOTA-Lanreotide A novel tracer as a targeted agent for tumour therapy, Nucl. Med. Biol. 31 (2004) 753-759. 

Somatostatin receptors are known to be overexpressed in various types of human tumour, hence radiopharmaceuticals seeking those receptors are widely considered for targeted tumour therapy. To date, five somatostatin receptor... 

CARLSSON, J., et al.. Tumour therapy with radionuclides Assessment of progress and problems, Radiother. Oncol. 66 (2003) 107-117. 

Potency. As with other series of compounds, the potency of the DAMCH complexes is influenced by the leaving group. Thus, (14) and (18) are close to cisplatin in potency, based on optimum dose for tumour therapy and LDS0 value in non-tumour bearing animals [44,48, 74]. Compounds (19) and (20), on the other hand, were 7- and 10-times less potent than cisplatin based on comparative LDS0 values. 

Tissue transillumination experiments allow multi-spectral determination of tissue optical constants and light fluxes, with application to optical mammography [51], photodynamic tumour therapy [52,53] and brain oxygenation measurements... 

Anti-tumour therapy can have serious effects. Gonadal failure arising from radiotherapy or chemotherapy is frequently encountered. Hypomagnesaemia and hypokalaemia may be a consequence of the use of the cytotoxic drug, cisplatin. Patients treated with methotrexate may become folate deficient. 

In the case of thapsigargin, which has long been used as a molecular tool to study intracellular calcium signalling, also new aspects can be expected with respect to tumour therapy and treatment of gene deficiencies whose consequences may be modulated by interference with intracellular calcium homeostasis. 

The orange-red actinomycins 37 (Waksman 1940) found in various types of streptomyces are 2-aminophenoxazone-l,9-dicarboxylic acids which are linked as amides to cyclic pentapeptide units. They are able to intercalate into DNA and are employed as cytostatic agents in tumour therapy. 

Porphyrinoids (porphyrin analogues, porphyrin homologues and porphyrin vinylogues [31]), like porphyrins, are of interest as sensitizers in photodynamic tumour therapy [32]. Some of these systems, e.g. 41 - 43 have been synthesized (Franck, Vogel 1990) [33]. Their nomenclature takes into account the cyclic conjugation of the annulene perimeter and the number of methine groups between the four pyrrole units, e.g. porphyrin 1 is described as [18]porphyrin(l.l.l.l) porphycin 43, which is isomeric with porphyrin, is known as [18]porphyrin(2.0.2.0). 

The chemistry of gold drugs and gold complexes has been discussed . Early introductory papers concerning aU dosimetric aspects of radiolabelled antibodies for tumour therapy listed and classified radionuclides suitable for radioirrununotherapy... 

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