Tubular type positive electrode

Figure 10.11 Cut-away of a lead/acid motive power cell showing Gauntlet type non-woven terylene tubular plate positive electrodes (cf Fig. 10.6). Photograph supplied by Chloride Technical Ltd. 

The lithium-copper oxide cells used in this investigation were made by SAFT and had a type specification LCOl. Each cell has a negative electrode of lithium metal, an electrolyte of lithium perchlorate in an organic solvent and a positive electrode of copper oxide and carbon. The cell is constructed in the form of a hollow tubular lithium central cylinder which is separated by a thin annular synthetic material from a concentric tubular copper oxide-carbon ring matrix enclosed by an outer steel can. Current collectors are attached to the lithium and steel cylinders. 

In Chapter 7 the series of the stationary batteries with Plante plates, tubular plates, and grid type plates as positive electrode are described in detail. In the following,... 

It is characteristic for battery manufacture that lead dioxide (Pb02) as the charged state of the active material is always generated by electrochemical oxidation. Thus, electron-conducting bridges are established between the fine particles, and a matrix is formed of comparatively low electronic resistance. Three general types of positive electrodes are mainly used today Plante, pasted, and tubular plates, which vary not only in their design but also in the way they are manufactured. 

The potentiometric technique for FIA monitoring has also been achieved by using ion-selective electrodes (ISEs - see subsection 2.1.1) assembled in a tubular reservoir (with the working electrode positioned at different points in the system). The use of a series of cascading ion-selective electrodes allows the simultaneous determination of various species [342]. To minimize the thickness of the static layer on the electrode surface and achieve an optimum wash-out effect preventing changes at the sensor membrane it is customary to use cascade-type cells in which a small portion of the carrier electrolyte stream is pumped tangentially to the electrode surface [343]. 

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