Tritium oxide

Properties of T2O. Some important physical properties of T2O are Hsted in Table 2. Tritium oxide [14940-65-9] can be prepared by catalytic oxidation of T2 or by reduction of copper oxide using tritium gas. T2O, even of low (2—19% T) isotopic abundance, undergoes radiation decomposition to form HT and O2. Decomposition continues, even at 77 K, when the water is fro2en. Pure tritiated water irradiates itself at the rate of 10 MGy/d (10 rad/d). A stationary concentration of tritium peroxide, T2O2, is always present (9). AH of these factors must be taken into account in evaluating the physical constants of a particular sample of T2O. 

The isotopic purity of the product is usually about 48-62%, the rest of the material being mainly undeuterated. (An alternate preparation of a-mono-deuterio ketones of high configurational and isotopic purity is the mild oxidation of cis- or tra 5-deuterated alcohols under Jones conditions, see sections V-D and VII-A.) Treatment with zinc in acetic acid-OD has also been applied to the deiodination of 2a-iodoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione. In a slightly modified version the iodine in 19-iodocholesterol acetate has been replaced with tritium by using tritium oxide as the isotope source/... 

The number of polymer chains attached to zirconium atoms can be measured by treating the reaction mixture with excess tritium oxide giving a radioactive polymer (XXIX). Radiochemical measurements can therefore be used to determine the number of polymer chains attached to metal atoms during the polymerization. 

Evolution of tritium from proteins saturated with tritium oxide certainly suggests that the conduction involves an ionic process under the particular set of conditions used (21). 

Techniques of tritium removal from co-deposited layers in next-generation tokamaks, such as ITER, have an important impact on machine operation. Attempts are being made to develop in-situ co-deposit removal techniques that would not overly constrain machine operation, both in terms of T removal and plasma performance recovery after cleanup. In addition to machine operation considerations, the tritium in the co-deposited layers will also have safety implications. During a severe accident, the vacuum vessel of an operating tokamak can be breached. If a significant inventory of tritium in the form of a saturated layer is present, much of this tritium can be released as tritium oxide as the film reacts with oxygen. 

C. Radiation-Induced Exchange with Tritium Oxide. 182... 

The most recent labeling technique applicable only to tritium has been the use of tritium oxide as its own radiation source for radiation-... 

There is, in fact, a still heavier form of w ater. The isotope called tritium, is a radioactive substance with half-life 31 years. Ordinary tritium oxide has molecular weight 20, whereas water made from tritium and O w ould have molecular weight 22, and would be over 30% denser than ordinary water. 

The most widely studied exchange reaction of a hydrogen atom bound to a carbon atom in a purine ring for deuterium or tritium involves the C8-H proton. Reactions with C6-HandC2-H are generally negligible. For the exchange reactions, deuterium oxide or tritium oxide is used, e.g. formation of 1 and I ... 

Bell et al. (13), using similar conditions, prepared l-(4- H)ascorbic acid via tritium oxide exchange. 

Use Moderator in some types of nuclear reactors. Tritium (hydrogen of atomic weight 3) combines with oxygen to give another variety of heavy water, TOT, i.e., tritium oxide. 

First of all, proton removal from the THF implies formation of the anion. One might expect, on addition of tritium oxide to the completed fixation-reduction reaction components, to see formation of tritiated THF. In the experiment, one does not see it at all moreover, one does not... 

A mixture of the startg. a-diazoketone, AggO, tritium oxide-water, and dioxane heated at 80-90° until Ng-evolution ceases after ca. 15 min. y-phthalimido-butyric acid-a-T. Y almost 100. L. Birkofer, K. Hempel, and W. Nouvertn, J. Labelled Gompounds 1, 20 (1965). 

Tritium Oxidation in Surface Soils - Survey of Soils near Five Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Plants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 12,590-3... 

Moody KJ, Hutcheon ID, Grant PM (2005) Nuclear forensic analysis. CRC/Taylor Francis, Boca Raton, FL Moskalev Yul (ed) (1968) Tritium oxide. Atomizdat, Moscow... 

In 1973 Kassai and Sikos [56] described the determination of moisture content in freeze-dried products by tritium isotope. This method involves adding tritium oxide to 5-10 ampoules of the dissolved product in experimental lots containing 2000-8000 ampoules prior to lyophilization. 

After lyophilization, the dry material is assayed for radioactivity using liquid scintillation counting and the water content is calculated. A comparison was made between the tritium method and the gravimetric method. The sensitivity of the tritium method was stated to be 1 pg of water it measures the water content of 1 mg of dry material with an accuracy of 0.1%. It was noted that small amounts of tritium were found in the nontest ampoules after lyophilization. In addition, tritium oxide was used to measure the exchange of water molecules between stopper and material. Kassai and Sikos stated that the product distributed into the vial takes up water from the stopper until a state of equilibrium ensues. ... 

We shall consider first the ionic products of H2O and D2O. It was shown at an early stage that is considerably smaller than Kjj. Recent determinations are not in complete accord, but a recent critical comparison gives K /K = 7.47 + 0.24 (in molarity units) at 25 C. The ionic product of tritium oxide has also been determined recently,giving K /Kl = 16.4 at 25 "C. For H2O and D2O the relevant equilibria are... 

The contribution of inhalation to the internal doses to the critical group is substantial for radioactive gases and vapours (e.g. radon or tritium oxide) and for radionuclides with low solubility and low mobility in food chains (e.g. actinides and transuranics), especially for persons working in the open air and in dusty conditions. The special case is that of long term residence in areas with elevated concentrations of natural uranium and radium resulting in the emanation of radon. 

Trideuteriomethyl compounds. Na-5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylate refluxed ca. 3 hrs. on a water bath with Raney-Ni alloy in 99.5% deuterium oxide in the presence of Na-methoxide 2,2,3,4,5j5,5-heptadeuteriovaleric acid. Y 70-80%.— Tritio compounds can be obtained similarly by using tritium oxide in place of deuterium oxide. F. e. s. V. Bac, P. Buu-Hoi, and D. Xuong, Bl. 1962, 1077. 

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