Triolein surfactant

Figures 7, 8 and 9 are plots at 25 C of specific conductance and density versus volume fraction of methanol in 2/1 triolein/ surfactant systems which are 4/1 molar ratios of 2-octanol to bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate, triethylammonium linoleate and tetradecyldimethylammonium linoleate, respectively. For each surfactant system, a maximum for specific conductance and a minimum for density was observed at the same volume fraction, but this volume fraction of methanol varied between the three surfactant systems. At volume fractions of methanol above these abrupt changes, each system exhibited translucence, and it appears that gel-like structures form. These data are consistent for microemulsion structures that are based largely on geometric considerations (16-18).

Figure 7. Plots at 298°K of specific conductance and density against volume fraction of methanol in a 2/1 triolein/ surfactant system which is a 4/1 molar ratio of 2-octanol to bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate.

C] and 6% Cj g) was used as the anionic surfactant. Oleic Acid (Extra pure reagent, Kanto Chemical Co., Tokyo, Japan), Triolein (glycerol trioleate (Cj 2H33C00)3C3H5, Technical, BDH Chemicals, England) and n-decane (E. Merck, G.C., 95%) were used as oil. Sodium chloride (E. Merck, purity 100 0.05%) was used as electrolyte. 

Some experiments concerning the solubilization of triolein in SDS solutions were done by adding triolein dropwise to the surfactant solution. 15.0 g of 0.5% SDS solution was used. One drop of triolein (0.006 0.001 g) was added to the surfactant solution. The oil was dispersed, shaken and turbidity measured as it was mentioned above. When turbidity reached a constant value, another drop of triolein was added and the process repeated until the turbidity value did not change with the addition of triolein. 

Figure 3 shows the solubilization of triolein in Newcol surfactants. Figure 4 shows the solubilization of n-decane in the same surfactant solutions. The general characteristics of the curves in Figures 3 and 4 are the same as those shown in Figure 2. 

From the lower turbidity values shown in Figures 3 and 4, one may estimate that the solubilization of oleic acid is higher than triolein or n-decane in Newcol surfactant solutions. It is difficult to make further distinction between triolein and n-decane from Figures 3 and 4. 

Micellar and pre-micellar solutions of methanol in triolein were studied with three different surfactant systems using 2-octanol as a co-surfactant. Surfactants evaluated by viscosity, conductivity, density, refractive index and particle size data along with polarizing microscopic examinations were bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate, triethylammonium linoleate and tetradecyldimethylammonium linoleate. Data show phase equilibria regions of liquid crystalline phases as well as micellar solutions. All systems were effective for solubilizing methanol in triolein. The order of effectiveness for water tolerance is Tetradecyldimethylammonium linoleate>... 

Figure 10. Ternary phase diagram at 298°K for systems of methanol in triolein with surfactant systems of bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate, triethylammonium linoleate and tetradecyldimethylammonimum linoleate with 4/1 molar ratios of 2-octanol as co-surfactant.

Chen, B. FI., C. A. Miller, and P. R. Garrett. 1998. Rates of solubilization of triolein/fatty acid mixtures by nonionic surfactant solutionfeangmuir14 31—41. 

Selective solubilization can also occur in mixtures of polar and nonpolar oils. Using their oil drop method described previously, Chen et al. measured solubilization rates of mixtures of triolein and oleic acid in solutions of pure nonionic surfactants. As Figure 9.9 shows for a drop initially containing 85/15 triolein/oleic acid by weight injected into 2 wt% Tergitol 15-S-7 at 35°C, they observed that the solubilization process consisted of two stages. In the first stage, the drop radius... 

For the system of Figure 9.9 interfacial tension as measured by the spinning drop technique fell during the first few minutes of the experiment to 0.05 mN/m, remained there for about half an hour, then increased over a period of 2 h to 0.2 to 0.3 mN/m, not far below the value of 0.4 mN/m obtained at long times for pure triolein with the same surfactant solution. This behavior indicates that the surfactant film at the interface between the drop and surfactant solution shifted from lipophilic to hydrophilic conditions as oleic acid was solubilized, the minimum in tension occurring at the balanced condition (see Figure 9.3). Support for this interpretation was obtained by repeating... 

Zourab, S.M. and Miller, C.A., Equilibrium and dynamic behavior for systems containing nonionic surfactants, w-hexadecane, triolein, and oleyl alcohol. Colloids Surf. A, 95, 173, 1995. 

Mori, F. et al.. Phase behavior, dynamic contacting, and detergency in systems containing triolein and nonionic surfactants. Colloids Surf., 40, 323, 1989. 

In order to determine the monomeric solubility of the non-ionic Ci0E4 in triolein, the volume fractions of the middle phase VJV were measured as function of the overall surfactant mass fraction y in the three-phase region of the system H2O/NaCl-triolein-Ci0E4 at T = 61.80°C. 

Steareth-16 Steareth-25 Stearyl alcohol Sucrose laurate Sulfated castor oil Tallamide DEA TEA-oleate TEA-stearate Triolein PEG-6 esters surfactant, photo chemicals Sodium myristyl sulfate surfactant, photographic film Cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-lauric acid-amidopropyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-myristyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-palmityl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine N,N-Dimethyl-N-stearyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium betaine... 

The common approach to maintain minimal polarization is to operate at high shear rates [103] however, this can be harmful to biocatalysts. To decrease gel-layer formation in the surface of the membrane, Hakoda and co-workers [178] applied an electric field of 50 and 100 V to a ceramic membrane module used in the lipolysis of triolein in a reversed micellar system. These authors reported a slight increase in the filtration flux (about 15%), without deleterious effects on enzyme stability for an operation time length of 12 h. The electrokinetic phenomena leading to the observations occurred even in apolar media, since small amounts of water or surfactant were present in such media [178]. 

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