Trimethylolpropane triacrylate TMPTA

FIGURE 31.4 Absorbance of control and EPDMs modified with different trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) levels at an irradiation dose of 100 kGy. (From Sen Majumder, P. and Bhowmick, A.K., J. Adhesion Set Technol., 11, 1321, 1997. With permission.)... 

FIGURE 31.10 (a) Plot showing the variation of ahsorhances at 1740 and 1632 cm of the control and the trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) mixed nihher irradiated with 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 kGy. 

The polymer-bound photoinitiators have been used to prepare photocurable formulations with epoxyacrylates, urethaneacrylates, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and HDDA [108]. The above formulations have been UV irradiated on film matrix and the extent of photocuring evaluated in terms of degree of residual acrylic unsaturation at a fixed reaction time. As reported in Table 20, the polymer-bound BAE systems display an appreciably higher photoinitiation activity as compared with that of the low-molecular-weight analogue benzoin isobutyl ether (BIBE) ... 

POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 600 DIACRYLATE (PEGDA) POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 400 DlMETHACRYLATE (PEGDMA) DIETHYLENE GLYCOL Dl METHACRYLATE (DEGDMA) TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE TRIACRYLATE (TMPTA) TRIMETHYLOLPROPANE TRIMETHACRYLATE (TMPTMA)... 

Hexanediol diacrylate (HDODA) Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) Epocryl 370 VTBN 90-190... 

Crosslinking of PVC is known to occur on irradiation, with a low yield [Ohnishi et al., 1962]. More efficient crosslinking may be induced by irradiating PVC in the presence of multifunctional crosslinking agents [Salovey, 1973]. For example, plasticized PVC has been used as a wire and cable insulation. To enhance the crosslinking of PVC during electron irradiation, triallyl cyan-urate (TAC), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA), or trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) have been used as the additives [Bradley, 1984]. 

Table 11.48. Properties of electron irradiated (10 kGy) PE/CR =1 1 blend [Coran and Patel, 1982]. containing trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) ...

All the formulations used in our experiments utilized a diacrylated Bisphenol A epoxy, Novacure 3700 (Interez, Inc.), as the base resin. Four multifunctional acrylates were used to modify cure behavior and physical properties. They were< trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), polybutanediol diacrylate (PBDDA), pentaerythritol triacrylate (FETA) and dipentaerythritol triacrylate (DPBPA). The base resin, TMPTA and PETA were supplied by Interez, Inc. PBDDA was obtained from Alcolac Chemical. DPEPA was supplied by Sartomer. All were commercial grades, and were used without further purification. The photoinitiator used for all experiments was Darocur 1664 (EM Industries), a mixture of aromatic Icetones whose absorption s ctrum is shown in Figure 2. It was chosen because it is well-matched to the emission spectrum of the Fusion "V" lamp which was used as the source of irradiation. The formulations used are summarized in Table I. 

Materials. Samples of three multifunctional monomers namely glycerol propoxylate triacrylate (GPTA), trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate (TMPETA) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) were supplied by Harcros Chemicals Limited, Manchester, UK. Benzophenone was obtained from the Union Carbide Company, USA and used as supplied. Dimethylamine, morpholine, diethylamine, dicyclohexylamine, di-n-butylamine and diethanolamine were obtained from the Aldrich Company, UK and used as supplied. N-methylethanolamine, N-ethylethanolamine and N-methylethylamine were all obtained from Fluka Chemicals, UK and used as supplied. Carbon tetrachloride (Analar grade) was obtained from Fisons Limited, UK. 

In recent reports (2-7), it has been shown that it is important to consider the effect of such laser operating parameters as pulse repetition rate on the polymerization kinetics. It was clearly demonstrated that pulsing the laser at narrow time intervals on the order of the lifetime of growing polymer radical chains resulted in a premature chain termination due to injection of small molecule "terminator" radicals into the system. In this paper we focus on the effect of pulse repetition rate on the polymerization of multifunctional acrylates, in particular 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDODA) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). 

Examples include trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), pentaerythritol trior tetraacrylate (PETA). 

Figure 6 Example of view along the cellulose crystallite axis of a ternary system similar to that in Fig. 4 but using a different photopolymerizable acrylic primer, namely trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). (From Ref. 73.)...

Triallyl Isocyanurate (TAIC) Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA)... 

Zurina, M., Ismail, H., Ratnam, C. T., Effect of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) on the properties of irradiated epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50), ethylene- (vinyl acetate) copolymer (EVA), and an ENR-50/EVA blend. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 2009,15(1), 47-53. 

Dahlquist 1, Fregert S, Trulson L (1983) Contact allergy to trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). Contact Dermatitis 9 122-124... 

The third case was reported by Isaac et al. (1992) and concerned a silk-screen printer who was allergic to butanediol diacrylate (BUDA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), PETA, and the UV-curable ink. This woman worked in a pharmaceutical company. She printed labels on plastic bottles and so came in contact with UV-cured ink and developed a pruritic dermatitis involving the hands and eyelids. TMPTA and PETA were found in the UV-cured ink, but the relevance of BUDA could not be determined. 

Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) is a multifunctional acrylic monomer. It reacts with propylenei-mine to form polyfunctional aziridine. Sensitization was observed in a textile fabric printer. Patch tests were positive with the polyfunctional aziridine hardener, but were negative to TMPTA. TMPTA caused contact dermatitis in an optic-fiber manufacturing worker and was reported as a sensitizer in a floor top coat or in photopolymerizable inks. 

Polymerizations of multifunctional monomers of suitable unequal reactivity have been proved to be feasible for preparing hyperbranched polymers. Wu et al. [163] have reported in situ C NMR monitoring of the synthesis of hyperbranched poly(aminoester)s prepared via the Michael addition polymerization of a triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) (A3-type monomer) with a double molar l-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine (AEPZ) (BB B"-type monomer) in chloroform at room temperature. 

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