Trimethyl acetic acid

Photoreactions of organic compounds over model surfaces of wide band-gap oxide semiconductors have received considerable attention recently [43, 79-82]. The most-studied photocatalytic reactions on rutile TiO lllO) single-crystal surfaces include ethanol [43], acetic acid [78], trimethyl acetic acid [80, 81], and acetone [82]. In this section, we will focus on the photoreaction of ethanol over TiOj(llO). Ethanol is dissociatively adsorbed via its oxygen lone pair on fivefold coordinated Ti atoms to produce adsorbed ethoxide species (Fig. 7.6). STM studies of the adsorption of ethanol on TiO2(110) demonstrated the presence of both alkoxides and surface hydroxyls [83] confirming the adsorption is dissociative. Figure 7.11 is the XPS Cls spectra after the exposure of ethanol (9=0.5 with respect to Ti atoms). 

White JM, Szanyi J, Henderson MA (2004) Thermal chemistry of trimethyl acetic acid on TiO (llO). J Phys Chem B 108 3592... 

If no a-hydrogen atom is present, e.g., in trimethyl-acetic acid (CH3)j.C.CO.OH, bromination will not take place. The ability of... 

The released carrier molecules are formaldehyde and pivalic acid (trimethyl acetic acid) for pivampicillin and acetaldehyde, ethanol and carbon dioxide in the case of bacampicillin. These three latter compounds are natural metabolites in the human body. This may explain the better tolerance of bacampicillin compared to pivampicillin. 

Pivalic Acid. 2,2-Dimethylpropanoic acid a, a-dimethyl propionic acid trimethyl acetic acid. CjH,0O, mol wt 102.13. C 58.80%, H 9,87%, O 31.33%. Prepd by the reaction of (ert-butylmagnesium chloride and carbon dioxide Bouveault, Compt. Rend. 138, 1108 (1904) Puntambeker, Zoellner, Org. Syn. 8, 104 (1928) other methods ibid. 108. Forms higher esters (e.g., isobutyl ester) only with difficulty. 

IV. Trimethyl acetic acid—Pivalic add—is a crystalline solid, which fuses at 35°.5 (96° P.) and boils at 163°.7 (3 °.7 P.) sparingly soluble inH 0 obtained by the action of cyanid of mercury ux>on tertiary butyl iodid. 

Koch Reacdon. C-6-neoacids are readily available from amji alcohols by the Koch reaction. Greater than 95% 2,2-dimethylbutyric acid [595-37-9] was obtained from 2-meth5i-1-butene at 304 kPa (3 atm) CO and 35°C for 1 h with cupric oxide and sulfuric acid catalyst (31). Likewise, 2,2-dimethylbutyric acid can be obtained in high yidd (75—80%) from 1- or 2-pentanol or neopentyl alcohol from the Koch-Haaf reaction (32,33). tert-Amy. alcohol gives a mixture of trimethyl acetic acid [75-98-9] (pivalic acid), 2,2-dimeth5ibutyric acid, C-7 acids, and C-11 acids under similar Koch-Haaf conditions (33). 

Poly(vinyl acetate) grades that are resistant to hydrolysis are obtained by copolymerization with vinyl stearate and vinyl pivalate (vinyl ester of trimethyl acetic acid), since the saponification rate is reduced by the bulkier side groups. Pure poly(vinyl pivalate) has too high a glass-transition temperature (78°C) for most poly(vinyl ester) applications. Copolymerization with vinylidene cyanide yields a fiber with a feel similar to Cashmere wool. Other copolymers are produced with olefins (see Section 25.2.1.5) and vinyl chloride (see Section 25.7.5.5)... 

Isobutene Ni(CO) /NiIg Isovaleric acid - -trimethyl acetic acid (6 1) 100 [478, 483]... 

Methyl butyric acid Isovaleric acid -h trimethyl acetic acid a-Methyl valeric acid Cg-Acids... 

Sulfur dioxide 41 NA E E E-300 Trimethyl acetic acid 41 NA Test ... 

H Trimethyl acetic Acid -e Trimethyl acetic Acid... 

These data were obtained at 298 K except for formic acid at 293 K and trimethyl-acetic acid at 291 K. 

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