Trigger System

A wide diversity of herbal remedies have purported abilities to stimulate defense functions. Complexes of carbohydrate and lignin, which are present in some herbs, modulate enteric immune functions (Kiyohara et al, 2000), and the changes in cytokine secretion (Matsumoto and Yamada, 2000) can trigger systemic responses. The polysaccharides present in other herbal medicines augment production of immunoglobulin (Ig) A by the Peyer s patches in the small intestine (Sakushima et al, 1997 Yu et al, 1998). The responses of the enteric immune system to lectins are variable (Pusztai 1993), and can elicit systemic responses (Lavelle et al, 2000). Other phytochemicals provide protection by inducing detoxification pathways in mucosal cells (Williamson et al, 1998). 

In contrast to systems that are set up to transmit local only alarms when the sensors are triggered, systems can also be set up to transmit signals to a central location, such as to a control room or guard post at the utility, or to a police or fire station. Most fire/smoke alarms are set up to signal both at the location of the event and at a fire station or central monitoring station. Many insurance companies require that facilities install certified systems that include alarm communication to a central station. For example, systems certified by the Underwriters Laboratory (UL) require that the alarm be reported to a central monitoring station. 

We present here the other argument against the consistency between Mont Blanc and KAMIOKANDE. The KAMIOKANDE trigger system possesses a special low level discriminator output, the rate of which is counted with an online scaler. The low level discriminator has a threshold of approximately 6.4 MeV at 50% efficiency. The scaler count is read out at every event occurrence. The result is shown in Fig.6. The count rates between 2 52 UT and 2 54 UT are compared with the average rate of 9.96 Hz. They are all consistent with background. Since the threshold level is similar with Mont Blanc, one can easily calculate the event rate inferred from the Mont Blanc result ... 

It was for these reasons that we engaged in a colon-targeted systems design project that was based on a more effective and predictable gradient like microflora differences between small and large intestine to eventually replace simple time-or pH-triggered systems. 

Example 9 The simplest "trigger" system with three stationary states... 

Thus, the system, once it reaches the stationary state of the branch Y2, turns out to be unstable, and any minor fluctuation makes Y transfer to either branch Yi or branch Y3. Such behavior resembles an electronic switch (trigger), and, for this reason, the system under discussion is referred to as "trigger system. A thermodynamic rush of initial reactant R may be taken here, similar to Example 7, as the controlling parameter. 

Hepatobiliary transporters are affected by both systemic inflammation (e.g., arising from an infection) and inflammation intrinsic to the liver (e.g., acute inflammatory cholestasis caused by drug or alcohol abuse). As described above, endotoxin or turpentine are used to trigger systemic inflammation in rodents. Other rodent models of cholangitis include ethinylestradiol (oral contraceptive-induced cholestasis/cholestasis of pregnancy), alpha-naphthylisocyanate (vanishing bile duct syndrome), and common bile duct ligation (extrahepatic biliary obstruction) [87, 88]. 

Physicochemical approaches to the excitation problem were developed alongside the pure biological investigations. A lot of trigger systems are known at present which can be regarded as some kind of excitation models. Two of them, currently known as the Lillie-Bonhoeffer model and Teorell s membrane system, have been found to be particularly suitable. Experimentation with these models has been particularly useful the behavioral features common to all excitable objects have been established and the concrete electrochemical mechanisms responsible for the activity of these systems have been well-investigated. Here we will review only the major characteristics of these models. 

In order to accurately relocate any features identified from the investigation it is recommended that an electronic distance measuring (EDM) wheel is linked to the GPR system. This enables scans to be taken at fixed distance intervals and removes the necessity for surveying at a constant speed that is required from time triggered systems. Typically scans would be taken at c.5-10mm intervals to give the required lateral resolution. 

Zeng and co-workers assembled an automated prepLCMS system using MS-triggering technique to collect fractions. Among the 12 samples tested, the average purity improved from about 30% to over 90%. Two switching valves allowed the system to select either analytical or preparative applications. Based on a similar principle, several commercial MS-triggered systems are now available. 

Burns, A., and Davis, R. I. (1996). Choosing task periods to minimise system utilisation in time triggered systems, Information Processing Lett. 58, 223-229. 

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