Trifluoroacetic acid 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol

Trifluoromethyl-l-phenylethyl tosylate has been used to differentiate as shown in Table 1, the solvolytic power of three fluorinated solvents and to compare these with formic and acetic acids The three fluorinated solvents are trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoroethanol, and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol [55]... 

Besides methanol, many other polar and nonpolar modifiers have also been used to successfully improve the separation in SFC. These modifiers include acetone, acetonitrile, acetic acid, butane, butanol, n-butyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride, dioxane, ethanol, formic acid, heptane, hexane, n-hexylamine, methylene chloride, nitromethane, propanol, proprionitrile, tetrahy-drofuran, toluene, triethanolamine, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoroethanol, trimethyl phosphate, and water. 

TFA TFE TFFH Thz trifluoroacetic acid trifluoroethanol tetramethylfluoroformadinium hexafluorophosphate 1,3 -thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid... 

Trifluoroethane. See Trifluoroethane Trifluoroethanoic acid. See Trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroethanol. See 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol... 

The importance of solvent participation in the borderline mechanisms should be noted. The types of solvents in which nucleophilic solvent participation is minimized are those in which high electronegativity of the constituent atoms reduces the Lewis basicity and polarizability of the solvent molecules. Trifluoroacetic acid and perfluoro alcohols are regarded as the least nucleophilic of the solvents commonly used in solvolysis studies.These solvents are used to define the characteristics of reactions proceeding without nucleophilic solvent participation. Solvent nucleophilicity increases with the electron-releasing capacity of the molecule. The order trifluoroacetic acid < trifluoroethanol < acetic acid < water < ethanol gives a qualitative indication of the trend in solvent nucleophilicity. More will be said about solvent nucleophilicity in Section 5.5. 

Figure 6. CD spectra of poly-trans-3-ethyl-D-proline, in trifluoroacetic acid trifluoroethanol...

DMF, DMSO, methanol, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoroethanol Cone, sulfuric acid... 

Chemically, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol behaves as a typical alcohol. It can be converted to trifluoroacetaldehyde [75-90-1] or trifluoroacetic acid [76-05-1] by various oxidi2iag agents such as aqueous chlorine solutions (51) or oxygen ia the preseace of a vanadium pentoxide catalyst (52). Under basic conditions, it adds to tetrafluoroethylene and acetylene to give, respectively, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2/2/2 -trifluoroethyl ether [406-78-0] (53) and... 

Trifluoroethanol was first prepared by the catalytic reduction of trifluoroacetic anhydride [407-25-0] (58). Other methods iaclude the catalytic hydrogeaatioa of trifluoroacetamide [354-38-1] (59), the lithium aluminum hydride reductioa of trifluoroacetyl chloride [354-32-5] (60) or of trifluoroacetic acid or its esters (61,62), and the acetolysis of 2-chloro-l,l,l-trifluoroethane [75-88-7] followed by hydrolysis (60). More recently, the hydrogenation of... 

A few other successful 13C 1-NMR determinations should be mentioned. Hunt et al. [28] used 13C NMR to characterise fractions of extracted analytes of PAG and sorbitan ester samples and identified Irganox 1010. H and 13C NMR have been used to identify the main organic components of a breathable diaper back-sheet as LLDPE and pentaerythritol tetra-octyl ester (PETO) [233]. The equally present AOs Irganox 1010 and Irgafos 168 were not detected without extraction. Barendswaard et al. [234] have reported fully assigned 13C solution spectra of these two antioxidants. Chimas-sorb 944 in a polyamide matrix can be determined by H or 13C 1-NMR using solvents such as formic acid, trifluoroacetic acid or trifluoroethanol [235], Both H and 13C NMR have been used to follow the chemistry of a bis-phenoxidemethylaluminum complex (reaction product of BHT and trimethylaluminum) by exposure in air. Pierre and van Bree [216] also used 13C NMR to... 

By the way, trifluoroacetaldehyde is a versatile fluoro building block. However the chemical or electrochemical oxidative transformation of trifluoro-ethanol to trifluoroacetaldehyde has been unsuccessful. Trifluoroacetaldehyde is therefore generally produced by the reduction of trifluoroacetic acid ester or acid chloride using an excess of LAH. The anodic substitution at fluoroaikyl phenyl sulfides is a useful alternative because it realizes the transformation of economical trifluoroethanol to highly valuable trifluoroacetaldehyde equivalents as shown in Scheme 6.5. 

Starting from Trifluoroacetic Acid Derivatives Trifluoroacetic acid and its derivatives (e.g., esters, anhydride, fluoral, trifluoroethanol) are the major channel of the organic fluorine industry. They are relatively inexpensive and, compared to halons, they do not exhibit major environmental problems. They are the main source for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated compounds. 

DCA = dichloroacetic acid TFA = trifluoroacetic acid TFE = trifluoroethanol EDC = ethylene dichloride DMF = dimethylformamide... 

Trifluoroethanol [5n] This solvent is strongly acidic and the major impurities are water and trifluoroacetic acid. In its purification, it is dried over potassium carbonate anhydride for a night and then subjected to fractional distillation (reflux ratio 10 1) under atmospheric pressure, the middle fraction being collected. 

Couplings between carbon and many heteronuclei, e.g. the JCF data shown in Table 3.14, do not depend simply on carbon s character as is the case for JcH and Jcc. Nevertheless, electron withdrawal at the coupling carbon often increases Jcx. This trend is obvious when the JCF values of mono- di-, and trifluoroethanol, or those of mono- and trifluoroacetic acid are compared (Table 3.14). 

For trifluoroethanol the value 57.9 x 104 m2 mol-1 is from Murray et al. 1993, compared with 52.5 for ethanol, 39.0 for methanol, and 57.9 for trifluoroacetic acid from this source and the values in this Table from (DIPPR 1997). 

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