Triethylenetetramine, formation

Figure 5 illustrates the type of encapsulation process shown in Figure 4a when the core material is a water-immiscible Hquid. Reactant X, a multihmctional acid chloride, isocyanate, or combination of these reactants, is dissolved in the core material. The resulting mixture is emulsified in an aqueous phase that contains an emulsifier such as partially hydroly2ed poly(vinyl alcohol) or a lignosulfonate. Reactant Y, a multihmctional amine or combination of amines such as ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, or triethylenetetramine, is added to the aqueous phase thereby initiating interfacial polymerisation and formation of a capsule shell. If reactant X is an acid chloride, base is added to the aqueous phase in order to act as an acid scavenger. 

Schiff base and related complexes of uranium and thorium are widely described in recent literature and covered in a review [463]. Those of U(VI) have a practical use as catalytic organic oxidants [460] or as part of a polystyrene-supported chelating resin [464,465]. Among other Schiff base precursors, salicylaldehyde [466] and triethylenetetramine [464], 3-formylsalicylic acid and o-hydroxybenzylamine [465], or salicylaldehyde and l-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid [467] were used. In the example of Schiff base complexes, kinetics of formation of U(VI) complexes and their pK values were studied [468]. 

From the above discussions it is clear that the amine has an important role in the formation of open-framework metal phosphates. Recent studies from this laboratory have shown that in the family of zinc phosphates, almost all the members in the hierarchy of open-framework structures can be synthesized using the same structure-directing agent, triethylenetetramine (TETA) [32], In Fig. 7.18 we show all the structures obtained with TETA along with the relative concentrations of the amine and the phosphoric acid employed in the synthesis. We see that the one-dimensional (ladder) and the two-dimensional (layer) structures are obtained when the relative concentration of phosphoric acid is high with the ratio of concentrations of the acid and the amine in the range 3 1-4 1. This is in contrast to the three-dimensional structures where the ratio... 

Iron(II) forms345 stable complexes with a range of polyethyleneamine and related polydentate amines. There has been considerable research effort346 devoted to the measurement of the thermodynamics of formation of these complexes in aqueous solution. Thus, for example, ethyl-enediamine347 forms mono, bis and tris complexes in aqueous media with successive enthalpies of reaction being 21,1,43.5 and 66.3 kJ mol-1 respectively. Similar thermochemical measurements have been made on a number of other polydentate amines, for example diethylenetriamine,348 2,2, 2"-tria-minotriethylamine,349 triethylenetetramine,350 tetraethylenepentamine351 and N,N,N, N -tetra(2-aminoethyl)ethylenediamine.352... 

Preparation of the simplest diamine, ethylene diamine, by ammonolysis of the dihalide is accompanied by the formation of diethylenediamine and triethylenetetramine other methods for its preparation are more suitable. Only the higher homologs of /3-dialkylaminoethyl bromide respond favorably to this treatment. Thus, di-n-butylaminoethyl bromide is converted to the diamine in 55% yield whereas the dimethylaminoethyl bromide undergoes extensive dimerization. Triniethylene bromide reacts with liquid ammonia to form trimethylenediamine (50%) however, experimental details are lacking. When the two halogens in the dihalide approach one another in space as in tetra- and penta-methylene dibromides, then nitrogen spiranes are the main products. ... 

Table V. Molar Heats and Entropies of Formation of Metal Chelates of Triethylenetetramine (Trien) and "-Triaminotriethylamine (Tren)...

Condensation reactions of aromatic aldehydes with a,cu-polyamines lead to Schiff bases, if the polyamine involved contains only primary amino groups or to imidazolidines, if the polyamine contains a secondary amino group. Condensation of 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde 7V-oxide with triethylenetetramine yields derivative (31), with two imidazolidine rings, which in the presence of Cu11 undergoes a ring-opening reaction due to the formation of a complex.42... 

A chain-shape polyamine and ethylene glycol system favors the formation of layered aluminophosphates with an Al/P ratio of 3/4. For instance, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, and triethylenetetramine combining with ethylene glycol solvent lead to the formation of layered aluminophosphates with an AFP ratio of 3/4 (see Table 3.9). Therefore, it is expected that using tetraethylenepentamine as template and ethylene glycol as solvent will result in the crystallization of a layered aluminophosphate with an AFP ratio of 3/4. Guided by this prediction, we did... 

Peroxides in DIPE can be destroyed by treatment with tin(ll) chloride or triethylenetetramine. They can be removed by passing the solvent through a Dowex 1 ion-exchange column or an alumina column. The rate of formation of peroxides is accelerated if DIPE and other ethers are stored wet. 

Trideceth-29 Tridecyl phosphate Triethylenetetramine 3,3,3-Trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane/dimethylsiloxa ne copolymer Triisopropanolamine Trilaurin 2,6,8-Trimethylnonyl-4-alcohol Tyloxapol Undeceth-2 Undeceth-5 surfactant feedstocks C6-10 alcohols C8-10 alcohols C14-18 alcohols C16-20 alcohols surfactant formation, cationic Minkamidopropyl dimethylamine surfactant mfg. 

Undecenyl acetate 112-23-2 Heptyl formate 112-24-3 Ancamine TETA D.E.H. 24 Epikure 3234 Texacure EA-24 Texlin 300 Triethylenetetramine 112-25-4 Arcosolv EH EH... 

Coran and Patel (1983b) have shown that the mechanical properties of dynamically vulcanized NBR-PP blends can be improved through copolymer formation between the two immiscible polymers concurrent with vulcanization. In the first example in Table 5.53, block copolymer resulted from reaction of amine-terminated NBR with anhydride-terminated PP. The latter was prepared through functionalization of PP with MA in the presence of radical initiator. In the second example, a block copolymer may have resulted from reaction of acid-terminated NBR with a primary amine-terminated PP. The latter was prepared in a prior reaction between maleic anhydride-terminated PP and triethylenetetramine. It is also possible that the block copolymer may be linked through ionomeric association resulting from protonation of PP-amine with NBR acid. 

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