Triethylamine data

FIG. 15-16 Temperature-composition diagram for ethylene glycol + triethylamine. [Data taken from Sorenson and Arlt, Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Data Collection, DECHEMA, Binary Systems, vol. V, pt. 1,1979.]... 

Column 25 cm x 4.6 mm i.d. retention factor of the first enantiomer, a enantioselectivity factor, Rs resolution factor between enantiomers. Mobile phases RP = reversed phase, methanol/buffer pH 4.1 40/60 v/v PIM = polar ionic mode, methanol/acetonitrile 45/55 v/v with 0.1% acetic acid and 0.1% triethylamine. Data from [1, 2, 12-16]. 

Table 8-S. Kinetic Data on the Menschutkin Reaction of Triethylamine and Ethyl Iodide at 25°C...

Table 8-5 gives data for the Menschutkin reaction of triethylamine and ethyl... 

Table 8-10 gives pertinent data for the Menschutkin reaction of triethylamine with ethyl iodide. These reactant molecules are volatile, so their transfer free energies were determined by a gas chromatographic variation of the vapor pressure method. For this reaction Eq. (8-57) is written... 

Figure 8-6. Ploi according to Fig. 8-5 of transfer free energies of the transition state (ordinate) and reactant state (abscissa) for the Menschutkin reaction of triethylamine and ethyl iodide. The reference solvent is N, Af-dimethylformamide (No. 27). Data are from Table 8-10, where the solvents are identified by number. Closed circles are polychlorinated solvents.

In triethylamine instead of benzene the reaction products are completely different, and are indicative of a homolytic process involving an initial electron transfer from triethylamine followed by a hydrogen atom transfer. Scheme 10-68 gives the major products, namely 1,3,5-tri-tert-butylbenzene (10.36, 20%), the oxime 10.39 (18%), formed from the nitroso compound 10.38, and the acetanilide 10.37 (40%). ESR and CIDNP data are consistent with Scheme 10-68. In their paper the authors discuss further products which were found in smaller yields. 

Cyclopropanone Polymerization. Triethylamine is an efficient initiator for the polymerization of cyclopropanone. This initiator caused polymerization to start almost immediately as evidenced by the rapid increase in temperature and the formation of a precipitate within 2-3 minutes. From the data in Table 1 there does not appear to be any correlation between the amount of initiator added and the molecular weight of the resultant polymer. One possible explanation for this is that the polymer was synthesized under heterogeneous conditions thus limiting the access of monomer to growing polymer chains. 

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) Analysis. A Waters HPLC system (two Waters 501 pumps, automated gradient controller, 712 WISP, and 745 Data module) with a Shimadzu RF-535 fluorescence detector or a Waters 484 UV detector, and a 0.5 pm filter and a Rainin 30 x 4.6 mm Spheri-5 RP-18 guard column followed by a Waters 30 x 3.9 cm (10 pm particle size) p-Bondapak C18 column was used. The mobile phase consisted of a 45% aqueous solution (composed of 0.25% triethylamine, 0.9% phosphoric acid, and 0.01% sodium octyl sulfate) and 55% methanol for prazosin analysis or 40% aqueous solution and 60% methanol for naltrexone. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Prazosin was measured by a fluorescence detector at 384 nm after excitation at 340 nm (8) and in vitro release samples of naltrexone were analyzed by UV detection at 254 nm. 

As can be seen from the data in Table 35.1, the maximum reaction rate is achieved at the 5 2 formic acid triethylamine ratio that is the commonly used azeotropic mixture known as TEAF. When more acid is present, the catalyst may be less active, but equally there may be less formate anion (i.e., the active reagent). The concentration of the latter also depends upon the solvent being used. When there is more triethylamine present the reaction rate also decreases, and there are some indications that triethylamine may deactivate the catalyst. However, the use of formic acid mixtures with ammonia, ethylamine or diethy-lamine is less effective than triethylamine. 

SAQ8.16 Consider the following data concerning the reaction between triethylamine and methyl iodide at 20°C in an inert solvent of CCI4. The initial concentrations of [CH3l]o and [N(CH3)3]0 are the same. Draw a suitable graph to demonstrate that the reaction is second order, and hence determine the value of the second-order rate constant k2. 

Figure 2. Examples of data characterized by strong concentration effects. Data are related to a quartz microbalance array exposed to six volatile compounds each measured three times at different concentrations. Only triethylamine (TEA in the plot) data emerge (experimental details in [10]).

Figure 3. Data of figure 2 after the application of linear normalization of equation 4. Classes are now clearly separated. It is worth noting the condensation of TEA data (class 4) in a very restricted region. Meaning of the classes HEX hexane PRN propanal ETH ethanol BEN benzene TEA triethylamine EDA ethylendiamine.

Most recently, a simple, mild, one-pot immobilization method was developed to attach the rigid rod-like helical polysilane, poly( -decyl-/-butylsilylene), via a siloxy linkage to hydrophilic quartz or mica substrate surfaces.28 195 Triethylamine was used as a catalyst to couple the Si-H and/or Si-OR termini of the dialkylpolysilane chains (which are generated during the course of Wurtz-type synthesis and workup)51,195 with the surface -OH groups. AFM, UV, and IR data were used to analyze the reactions. 

A study of the reaction kinetics of the reaction of butyl isocyanate with wood has been performed (West and Banks, 1986 West and Banks, 1987). Reactions were performed without catalyst and using pyridine, triethylamine, 1,4-diazobicyclo [2,2,2-octane] or di-butyl-tin-diacetate as catalyst. The data showed that no catalyst was effective without the presence of a swelling solvent. Kinetic profiles were obtained, which were deconvo-luted to yield two component reaction curves. It was considered that these two curves represented reaction with lignin and the holocellulose component of the cell wall. 

Chen (1994) reacted wood with epicholorohydrin, using triethylamine as a catalyst. Weight loss due to decay by G. trabeum in a 12-week exposure test was less than 3 % for a WPG of 11 %. Some of this weight loss was found to be due to loss of epicholorohydrin. IR and chemical analysis data was presented, which was interpreted as indicating that cross-linking of cell wall polymers had occurred, with reference to other work where this had been found with polysaccharides. However, it is not clear from the evidence presented that such a cross-linking reaction had indeed occurred. 

Chun, K.W., Clinkscales, T.C., andDavidson, S.S. Vapor-liquid equilibrium of triethylamine-water and methyldiethylamine-water, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 16(4) 443-446, 1971. 

Air (dichlorobenzidine and its salts) Pumping of an aliquot of air through a glass fiber filter and silica gel, extraction with triethylamine-methanol. HPLC/UV 3 g/m for 50 L sample No data Morales et al. 1981 ... 

The conclusion of the unsupervised PCA analysis was that there was enough selectivity to distinguish between compounds based on functional groups. However, it was unclear whether the se array could distinguish between compounds with the same chemical functionaltty. SIMCA models for 2 of the 10 compounds, triethylamine (TEA) and methylethylketone (MEK), are constructed and validated against the entire data set containing all 10 classes of compounds. 

In all cases, the generation of a true nitrile imine was confirmed by the formation of the expected cycloadducts (e.g., 139) with the expected regioselectivity. However, in several cases, carbonyl derivatives (e.g., 137) were also formed in relatively low yield. These compounds were not formed when triethylamine was used as the base. From these data, it was suggested that the dehydrochlorination is a two-step process, involving first silver-ion promoted dehalogenation to give the carbocation... 

The system is reversible in the absence of an added electron donor but undergoes irreversible reaction at the reduced rhenium bipyridine center in the presence of added triethylamine. The observation of reaction at the rhenium site upon excitation in the absorption band of the metalloporphyrin site is compatible with an ultrafast back electron transfer, provided that the triethylamine coordinated to the magnesium prior to absorption and that the electron transfer from the metalloporphyrin to the bipyridine was followed rapidly by irreversible electron transfer from the triethylamine to the metalloporphyrin. The experiments graphically demonstrated the benefits of the incorporation of carbonyl ligands at the electron acceptor as they allowed a tracking of the sequence of charge separation and back electron transfer via time-resolved IR data . ... 

To a solution of (S,5)-l,3-diphenylpropane-l,3-diol (1.12g, 4.95mmol) and triethylamine (1.63 g, 14.85 mmol) in 25mLTHF at 0 °C was added methanesulfonyl chloride (1.13 g, 9.90 mmol). The mixture was kept at 0 °C for 8 h and then the solvent was removed under reduced pressure at the same temperature. The product was extracted with diethyl ether, washed with water and dried over Na2S04 (1.90 g, quantitative yield). (NMR data.)... 

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