Triethylamine and water

The second type of system is characterised by decreasing mutual solubility with rise of temperature. As the temperature is lowered the mutual solubilities increase and below a certain critical temperature the two liquids become miscible in all proportions. A typical example is triethylamine and water. The behaviour of this system with respect to... 

If the nucleoside is treated with a threefold excess of phosphoryltristriazole and subsequently with a mixture of triethylamine and water, the ionic nucleotide phosphoric triazolide can be obtained [46]... 

A similar transformation is also performed by treatment of 150 with trialkyl phosphite, triethylamine, and water since dialkyl phosphonate is generated by hydrolysis of trialkyl phosphite (Scheme 75). The use of deuterium oxide... 

Triethylamine and water mix together in all proportions below 19° but on raising the temperature above 19°, the system separates into two liquids layers. 

In Older to avoid the handling of poisonous hydrogen selenide, two other useful syntheses have been devised. One method uses the reaction of aromatic nitriles with aluminum selenide in the presence of pyridine, triethylamine and water (Scheme 24), while the other is performed by the reaction of nitriles with selenium, carbon monoxide and water in the presence of triethylamine (Scheme 25). These methods are exceedingly convenient in terms of manipulation without the isolation of hydrogen selenide for the preparation of selenoamides. Using these methods, a variety of aromatic and heterocyclic selenoamides can be obtained from the corresponding nitriles in high yields. 

Reduction of Fe(CO)5 with triethylamine and water at 80°C for 10 h gives [NHEt3][HFe3(CO)ii] in high yield. The same cluster anion can also be prepared by reduction of Fe(CO)s with NaBH4 in tetrahydrofuran (THF), followed by treatment with acetic acid in methanol the product is precipitated by treatment with [(Ph3P)2N]Cl (74% yield). ... 

Treatment of 1,1 -dibromocyclopropanes with triethyl phosphite in the presence of triethylamine and water at 90 °C gives mixtures of diethyl cis- and fra .t-cyclopropylphosphonates 1 (A and B, reductive phosphonation) (Table 24). The relative amount of the reactants is crucial for the outcome of the reaction. In the absence of water the dibromide is recovered almost quantitatively, and if too much water is used, the dibromides may be reduced to the corresponding monobromocyclopropanes, in particular if an electron-withdrawing group is attached to the ring (see Section 5.2.1.1.1.5.1.). Evidence implies that diethyl phosphonate, which is formed by hydrolysis of triethyl phosphite, plays an important role in the phosphonation reaction. This is supported by the observation that reductive phosphonation also can be carried out at 90 °C using a mixture of triethyl phosphite, diethyl phosphonate and triethylamine (C and 1,1-Dichlorocyclopropanes are unreactive under these conditions. 

Triethylamine and Water.— Although in most of the cases studied the solubility of one liquid in another increases with rise of temperature, this is not so in all cases. Thus, at temperatures below 18 , triethYlamine and water mix together. all4mpoxti ne oh raJiJig the temperature,... ft homog eneous solution becomes turbid... 

Passing to higher temperatures, FG is the solubility curve of potassium iodide in sulphur dioxide at G two liquid phases are formed, and the system therefore becomes invariant [cf. p. 128). The curve GHK is the solubility curve for two partially miscible liquids and since complete miscibility occurs on lowering the temperature, the curve is similar to that obtained with triethylamine and water (p. 93). K is also an invariant point at which potassium iodide is in equilibrium with two liquid phases and vapour. 

B. Systems Formed of Two Liquid Phases only. Solutions of Liquids in Liquids. Partial or limited miscibility. Phenol and water. Methylethylketone and water. Triethylamine and water. General form of the concentration-temperature curve. Influence of pressure on the critical solution temperature. Influence of foreign substances on the critical solution temperature. Presence of vapour phase. 

Little attention has been paid over the last decadeto the synthesis of fused phosphinines. However, in 2008, the preparation of a dithienophosphinine was reported. Compound 71 was obtained in three steps from dithienophosphole 70 by reaction successively with acetyl chloride, triethylamine and water [43], This transformation involves the transient formation of the oxide 69 (Scheme 17). DFT calculations reveal that the fused derivative is less aromatic than the parent compound C5H5P and suggest that a substantial electronic delocalization takes place within the three rings. Both the HOMO and the LUMO are localized on the P = C-Ph double bond and thus resemble those of a phosphaalkene derivative. 

Experiment 14.1 Demonstration of the presence of a miscibility gap with the help of the systems phenolfwater and triethylaminel water. When heated, a heterogeneous mixture of phenol and water will become a homogeneous solution when the upper critical solution temperature (approx. 339 K) is exceeded. However, even at higher temperatures, a heterogeneous mixture of triethylamine and water remains separated, but when cooled with ice to below the lower critical solution temperature (approx. 292 K), it will become a homogeneous solution. The phenol-water mixture, however, continues to consist of two phases after cooling. 

Add components, click on Add Pure, and select the components ethanol, diethylamine, triethylamine, and water. Close the selected components window. 

Add the components ethanol, diethylamine, triethylamine, and water to the reaction. Make the stoichiometric coefficients -1 for ethanol and dieth-lyamine (because they are being consumed) and 1 for both triethylamine and water (because they are being produced with a stoichiometry of 1). The forward order is automatically defaulted to the stoichiometric number 1 for this case, it is different than how we defined our reaction data. Assume no reverse reactions. Change the reaction order to 2 with respect to ethanol and 0 with respect to diethylamine for the forward reaction order. Since the reaction is irreversible, under Rev Order, type zero for all components. 

Open a new case by choosing a blank simulation. SI units should be used for all reactors with kinetics. Choose the Components option in the data browser window to start adding chemical components. Insert the chemicals for a reactor Ethanol, diethylamine, triethylamine, and water. Use Find to find the components ID and then add it. 

There are some cases, when solubility of one liquid in another decreases with the rise in temperature. The temperature-composition cmwe for triethylamine and water system is shown in figm-e (3). 

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