Acetic acid, Trichloro

Oxidation of benzene to phenol. This was attempted in the former U.S.S.R. and Japan on a pilot-plant scale. High yields were reported, but full-scale operation apparently was discontinued because of destruction of product by irradiation and the possibility of explosion in the reaction vessel. The latter danger can be controlled in the oxidation of halo-genated hydrocarbons such as trichloro- or tetrachloroethylenes, where a chain reaction leads to the formation of dichloro- or trichloro-acetic acid chlorides through the respective oxides. 

If glacial acetic acid or chloroacetic acid is chlorinated at a temperature rising slowly from 80° to 110° until the density (at 20°) reaches 1.6, a product is obtained of which about two-thirds is dichloro- and about one-third trichloro-acetic acid, together with about 3% of monochloroacetic acid.541 The trichloroacetic acid is removed by decarboxylation, achieved by heating the mixture (1500 g) with water (11) until no more chloroform distils. The water is distilled off and the residue fractionated in a vacuum, dichloroacetlc acid distilling at 102°/ 20 mm (900 g). 

The samples of urine/faeces need to be processed for releasing trace elements present as the organically bound species. This can be sometimes carried out by treatment of the specimens with a mineral acid or deproteinisation with trichloro-acetic acid (TCA). The usual procedure follows below. 

The isolation of protein from seaweeds is a difficult task due to the link between polysaccharides and protein within the seaweed matrix. It is described that the extraction of proteins from the tissues of laminarialean algae (Nagai et ah, 2008) or Saccharina japonica (Kim et ah, 2011) is difficult due to high levels of nonprotein interfering compounds, mainly viscous polysaccharides. As a consequence, isoelectric point (Ma et ah, 1996) or ammonium sulfate saturation (Hemandez-Mireles and Rito-Palomares, 2006) or trichloro acetic acid (Barbarino and Louren o, 2005) approaches, which are cormnonly used for protein precipitation, are not completely useful for seaweeds. Thus, to solve this task, different approaches are proposed such as proteolytic treatment of the whole seaweeds followed by filtration and dialysis (Suetsima and Nakano, 2000) or treatment... 

High yields with very strong or very weak amines can be obtained by using excess acid at pH 7-7.5 or adding a strong acid of low anion reactivity such as trifluoro- or trichloro-acetic acid. E. s. A. Ruzas et al., G. r. 260, 2249 (1965). N-Acylheptasulfurimides from carboxylic acids <-... 

Better results were obtained with catalysts of the type of quaternary phosphonium nickel halogenides or the corresponding ammonia compounds [408, 409]. Nickel bromide and nickel iodide are only soluble in butyl acrylate/butanol mixtures in amounts which are insufficient for the maintenance of the catalytic process. As mentioned in patents [408, 409], tertiary and quaternary complex compounds supply the required concentration of nickel and halogen ions for a continuous reaction. Many of the carbonylations, especially the stoichiometric reactions with Ni(CO)4 are carried out in the presence of water and acids. Jones [369] investigated the efficiency of the monobasic acids and showed hydrochloric acid and acetic acid to be of the same efficiency, whereas trichloro acetic acid is inefficient. He concludes that not the protons of the acids but the anions are of importance in the reaction mechanism. Apart from hydrochloric acid and acetic acid [345], sulfuric acid, aqueous phosphoric add, formic acid [367] and monochloroacetic acid are suited. A number of other organic acids [367] are ineffective. Acetic acid may be used in less than the equivalent amount because the unsaturated acid formed in the hydrocarbox-ylation [367] may replace acetic acid. 

Streptococcal peptides Aq. 10% trichloro acetic acid Ninhydrin 61... 

C4H4CI4O2 trichloro-acetic acid 2-chloro-ethyl ester 4974-21-4 ... 

C6H9CI3O2 trichloro-acetic acid butyl ester 3657-07-6... 

TCA (trichloro acetic acid) is the reagent classically used to precipitate proteins. It has no effect on smaller peptide solubility. Standard conditions substrate = hemoglobin, T = 25 C, r = 10 min. 

B. Cleavage of the 5 -0-di-/>-methoxytrityl group 3% (v/v) trichloro acetic acid in dichloromethane. 

Since the siloxane-bridged oligonucleotide analogs exhibit considerable sensitivity to acid, removal of the DMTr group was effected with ZnBr2 or brief treatment with 3% trichloro acetic acid. Short hydrazine treatment (0.5M hydrazine hydrate in pyridine acetic acid [3 2]... 

A simple, but mechanistically important feature is the ability of EDOT and a limited number of derivatives to be protonated in a-position of the thiophene ring by strong acids. The protonation—for example, performed by sulfuric acid or organic sulfonic acids, and more efficiently by trifluoro acetic acid—results in the formation of an active, electrophilic [EDOT-H]+ intermediate. Hydrochloric acid leads to additional side reactions trichloro acetic acid is far less achve than the fluoro analog. The [EDOT-H]+ is able to reversibly add to the basic C-2 of another EDOT molecule. The now formed intermediate may deprotonate to a dimeric structure, a 1,4-dihydro-thiophene derivative (see Eigure 5.10). ... 

C3H3CI3O2 trichloro-acetic acid methyl ester 598-99-2... 

C4H5CI3O2 trichloro-acetic acid ethyl ester 515-84-4... 

C4H5CI3O3 trichloro-acetic acid 2-hydroxy-ethyl ester 33560-17-7... 

C5H5CI3O2 trichloro-acetic acid allyl ester 6304-34-3... 

C6H9CI3O2 trichloro-acetic acid isobutyl ester 33560-15-5 ... 

C6H9CI3O2 trichloro-acetic acid sec-butyl ester 4484-80-4 ... 

C7H11CI3O2 trichloro-acetic acid isopentyl ester 57392-55-9... 

C7H11CI3O2 trichloro-acetic acid (L)-2-methyl-butyl ester 76266-29-0 ... 

C7H11CI3O2 trichloro-acetic acid pentyl ester 33972-81-5... 

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