Organic sulfonic acid

Organic Sulfonic Acids — (RSOjH) are generally stronger acids than organic carboxylic acids. 

Not only the desired reaction leading to the organic sulfonic acid takes place. Parallel and consecutive reactions occur resulting in undesired byproducts and color bodies. 

Preferably the reaction in accordance with the invention is performed in the presence of a suitable catalyst, proton acids such as for instance haloid acids, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, organic sulfonic acids, such as for instance methanesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid, carboxylic acids, such as for instance oxalic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and other Lewis acids, such for instance boron trifluoride, ferric chloride, zinc chloride, zinc bromide, stannic chloride, titanium chloride or iodine having proved to be suitable. Furthermore mixtures of the individual catalysts may be used in certain cases. 

The common strong acids include HCl, HCIO4, HNO3, the first proton in H2SO4, HBr, HI, and the organic sulfonic acid RSO3H. 

Scheme 26.2 Formation of [4 + 4] clusters from salts of organic sulfonic acids and primary amines.

Fluorinated organic sulfonic acids Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid CF3SO3H 150.1 -40 162/760 1493-13-6... 

Recently, organic sulfonic acids have been suggested as normal-phase and SFC additives to improve peak shapes for basic analytes [125]. These strongly acidic additives proved particularly beneficial for the separation of a broad variety of amines on a CHIRALPAK AD CSP under normal-phase conditions. The addition of ethanesulfonic and methanesulfonic acid allowed successful separation of a selection of amines which had failed to resolve wifh less acidic additives.The enantiomer separation of a basic drug compound employing ethanesulfonic acids and trifluoroacetic acid is shown in Fig. 7.8. 

If the right system can be found, PIC usually provides better separation efficiencies than ion exchange. The ion pair reagents for cations are organic sulfonic acids like CH3(CH,)5-SO,, H". ... 

DeSonate. [Witco/Organics] Sulfonic acid and sulfonates deteigent intermediate and component for shampoos, bubble baths, liq. soaps. emulsifier. 

Wetting Agent [Qhem-YBV] Organic sulfonic acid wetting and washing agent... 

The reaction is reversible and is catalysed by strong acids 95% sulfuric acid, organic sulfonic acids and ZnCl2146 or boron trifluoride147-149 are especially effective. However, if more than 10% of boron trifluoride is used, polymerization intervenes seriously. For good yields of esters the reaction temperature must be kept as low as possible. The preparation of terf-butyl o-benzoylbenzoate will be detailed as an example 150... 

The reaction requires a dehydrating catalyst, which, for reactions in the liquid phase, is an acid substance this is usually a concentrated mineral acid, but may also be an organic sulfonic acid, acid salt, or halogen compound such as boron trifluoride, zinc chloride, or aluminum chloride. For etherification in the gaseous phase the alcohol vapor is passed over a solid catalyst such as A1203, Ti02, or dehydrated alum.656... 

Undesirable side reactions often occur when concentrated sulfuric acid is used. For sensitive substances it is thus advisable to use an organic sulfonic acid such as / -toluenesulfonic acid as etherification catalyst.664 For example, ethers of cyclic enols665, 666 can be obtained by boiling the reactants with a little /7-toluenesulfonic acid in benzene while removing the resulting water in a continuous water-separator. 

Direct (substantive) Salts of organic sulfonic acids Phthalocyani nes, Cellulose fibres (cotton, linen),... 

PPy doped with protonic acid shows a higher electrical conductivity compared to that doped with organic sulfonic acid (Lee et al., 2014), and a PPy film with electrical conductivity up to 2000 S cm 1 was prepared (Qi et al., 2012). For PEDOTrPSS, many secondary dopants, commonly called conductivity enhancement agents, such as, polyols, alcohols, surfactants, salts, acids, and organic solvents, have been widely used to enhance the electrical conductivity (McCarthy et al., 2014). It reached 2084 S cm with the use of a nonvolatile ionic liquid (Badre et al., 2012) and 3065 S cm or even higher after H2SO4 treatment at high temperature (Xia et al., 2012). 

This group of catalysts, such as inorganic acids (sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfo-nated acid and hydrochloric acid) or organic sulfonic acid (Al-Widyan Al-shyoukh,... 

Phenolic foam roof insulation is manufactured with a catalyst blend of organic sulfonic acids. The pH of PFRI, when ground up in water, is 2.5 to 3.0. When moisture contacts PFRI, a very acidic... 

The soap detergents industry uses NaOH for sodium phosphate production, soap manufacture by saponification of fats and oils, and the production of detergents from organic sulfonic acid and NaOH. 

Sodium Sultate — 77-95 25-35 — E — plus organic sulfonic acids, SO , 2 percent HCI. trace of acetic acid. pH = 1.5-2.0. Aloy C 0.03 mpy... 

A simple, but mechanistically important feature is the ability of EDOT and a limited number of derivatives to be protonated in a-position of the thiophene ring by strong acids. The protonation—for example, performed by sulfuric acid or organic sulfonic acids, and more efficiently by trifluoro acetic acid—results in the formation of an active, electrophilic [EDOT-H]+ intermediate. Hydrochloric acid leads to additional side reactions trichloro acetic acid is far less achve than the fluoro analog. The [EDOT-H]+ is able to reversibly add to the basic C-2 of another EDOT molecule. The now formed intermediate may deprotonate to a dimeric structure, a 1,4-dihydro-thiophene derivative (see Eigure 5.10). ... 

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