Tribology, practical application

Booser, E. R., (Ed.) Handbook of Lubrication Theory and Practice of Tribology, 1, Application and Maintenance, CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA (1982)... 

For many practical applications, such as tribological coatings of machine tools... 

R.C. Coy, "Practical Applications of Lubrication Models in Engines", Tribology International, Vol 31, No. 10,1998, pp563-571... 

The calculation of the temperature in the contact area provides a basis for a classification of the load conditions in terms of their thermal and tribological effect, a practically applicable estimation of service life and a design procedure based on numerical simulation rather than on testing. Thus, a reduction of development efforts will be possible. 

From the practical application point of view polymer composites are most attractive, however, depending of the performance requirement (PV factor), either virgin or composite pol3mier can he selected for any application. Cost and the material processing are other factors that must guide any materials selection method for tribological application. 

The last few years have seen an explosion in the number of atomic-level tribological simulations aimed not just at understanding fundamental aspects of friction, but also at determining the frictional properties of systems used in real-world applications. In this section, we will discuss selected studies in an effort to demonstrate how the principles discussed earlier in this chapter are used in practice. Unfortunately, it is not possible to consider all of the important, high-caliber research within the space of this chapter. Instead, we focus on a few key areas that encompass both fundamental and applied research in computational tribology. 

In this article, we report an investigation of the tribological properties of PLL-g-PEG films carried out with a surface forces apparatus. Although the conditions applied in the experiments (moderate surface pressures, low velocities) are far removed from those of many practical macrotribological applications, they help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of film structure, lubrication, and repair. 

Booser, E. R., ed. 1983-1994. CRC Handbook of Lubrication (Theory and Practice of Tribology). Boca Raton, FL CRC Press. This three-volume set from CRC is somewhat odd in design in that volumes one and two were issued in 1983 and 1984, respectively, then volume three was issued in 1994 and covers new developments and updates to the field in the decade since publication of the original two volumes. Volume one focuses on application and maintenance, volume two on theory and design, and volume three on monitoring, materials, synthetic lubricants, and applications. 

A workshop was held in 2002 to discuss the structure and initial content of a possible future expert system for XPS [132]. These discussions led to many recommendations concerning instrument and specimen characterization, experimental objectives, instrument setup, acquisition and analysis of survey scans, protocols for narrow scans and analysis of results, identification of chemical state and sample morphology, and quantitative analyses. These recommendations are believed to be a valuable source of best practices as well as an educational resource for both novice and experienced users. Castle has recently designed a module for an XPS expert system that would guide corrosion scientists [133] and has shown design goals for similar applications in catalysis, adhesion science, tribology, and biomaterials [134]. 

---