Phase diagrams right-triangular diagram

Ternary-phase equilibrium data can be tabulated as in Table 15-1 and then worked into an electronic spreadsheet as in Table 15-2 to be presented as a right-triangular diagram as shown in Fig. 15-7. The weight-fraction solute is on the horizontal axis and the weight-fraciion extraciion-solvent is on the veriical axis. The tie-lines connect the points that are in equilibrium. For low-solute concentrations the horizontal scale can be expanded. The water-acetic acid-methylisobutylketone ternary is a Type I system where only one of the binary pairs, water-MIBK, is immiscible. In a Type II system two of the binary pairs are immiscible, i.e. the solute is not totally miscible in one of the liquids. 

From a phase rule standpoint, there is no difference between a liquid-liquid or a solid-liquid system. Phase equilibrium data for a three-component mixture of solute, solid, and solvent at constant temperature and pressure can therefore be represented on equilateral or right-triangular, x-y, or mass ratio diagrams. 

Figure 7. Solution diagrams for spheres with adsorbed polymer. Left for oxide particles In water the triangular region marked gel" Is a single phase which separates from the solvent (upper part of the flocculation region, above the o.f.c.) or from a dispersion of excess spheres (below the o.f.c.). The boundary between stabilization and flocculation corresponds to the saturation of the surfaces with polymer. Right for surfactant micelles, all these boundaries are replaced by a stoichiometry which divides a region containing necklaces only from a region containing necklaces plus excess micelles (no phase separation).

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