Treatment of other respiratory conditions

These two conditions very similar and are described by their symptoms of either a runny nose or nasal congestion together with sneezing and itching of the nose and eyes. 

Treatment is largely symptomatic and often consists of the use of antihistamines. However, cromoglicate can be used prophylactically by inhalation. Corticosteroids in the form of nasal drops may be used to treat local inflammation. Sympathomimetic drugs such as xylometazoline can be used as decongestants. 

Antihistamines are used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and hay fever. They reduce symptoms such as runny nose and sneezing, but are less effective for nasal congestion. 

There are many antihistamines available and they differ in their duration of action, anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention and constipation) and incidence of drowsiness. Older antihistamines are the most likely to cause drowsiness. Newer ones, for example acrivastine, are preferred because they penetrate the blood-brain barrier less easily and cause less sedation. Nevertheless, all antihistamines should be labelled with a warning that they may cause drowsiness and patients should not drive or operate machinery when taking them. 

Antihistamines should be used with caution in people with epilepsy, enlargement of the prostate, urinary retention, glaucoma and hepatic disease. Children and older people are more susceptible to the adverse effects. 

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