Transport across bulk liquid membranes

Bartsch RA, Jeon Eok-Giu, Walkowiak W, and Apostoluk W. Effect of solvent in competitive alkali metal cation transport across bulk liquid membrane by a lipophilic lariat ether carboxylic acid carrier. J Mem Sci, 1999 159(1-2) 123-131. 

Actinides, in nitric acid waste, 182 Advancing-front model, ELMs, 18,68 Alkali metal cations transport across bulk liquid membranes, 89-92 transport across liquid surfactant membranes, 93-95 transport across polymer-supported liquid, 95-96... 

Figure 4. Four Types of Cells Used to Study Transport Across Bulk Liquid Membranes.

Boyadzhiev L and Yordanov B. Pertraction of Indole Alkaloids from Vinca minor L. Sep Sci Tech, 2004 39(6) 1321-1329. Coucouvanis D. Dell Rosa and Jay Pike recognition and transport of amphiphilic molecules by a new class of inorganic ditopic receptors. The synthesis of M- Bu - salphen-3n-cr-n complexes and their use (M = Mn,Fe, n = 6) in the transport of tryptophan and serotonin across bulk liquid membranes. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 2003 6(3) 317-327. 

Supported liquid membranes comprised the bulk of the published literature on the transport studies of metal ions across thin polymeric films [16,56-59]. Several literature reports on actinide transport across supported liquid membranes using various types of extractants viz., acidic extractants, neutral extractants and amine extractants are discussed below. 

Nanda D, Oak MS, Maiti B, Chauhan HPS, Dutta PK. Selective and uphill transport of uranyl ion in the presence of some base metals and thorium across bulk liquid membrane by di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid. Sep Sci Technol 2002 37 3357-3367. 

The results provided above demonstrate that considerable selectivity can be achieved in alkali metal transport across bulk chloroform membranes by appropriately-structured ionizable crown ether carrier molecules. Although such bulk liquid membrane... 

The next step was the employment of Compounds 28, 29, and 38 as carriers for the transport of nucleotides across bulk liquid membranes. This was done using the same kind of U-tube setup used to study halide anion transport. Under these condiditions. Compounds 28 and... 

Nanda, D., Chauhan, H.P.S. Maiti, B. (2004) Transport of uranyl ion (UO2 ) across bulk liquid membrane by thenoyl trifluoro acetone (TTA). Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 11, 643-647. 

Bulk Liquid Membranes (BLM). This is the simplest type of liquid membrane (2-8) and is utilized for fundamental studies of certain aspects of liquid membrane transport processes. In one such process, a beaker-in-a-beaker cell (Figure 1) consists of inner and outer compartments which contain the aqueous feed (F) and strip (S) solutions, respectively. The inner beaker contains the stripping solution and is surroimded by the feed solution. Both aqueous solutions contact the upper organic layer, which is the liquid membrane. Mass transfer takes place from the feed solution through the liquid membrane and into the strip solution. Bartsch et aL studied the transport of alkali metal cations across bulk liquid membranes in which a crown ether carboxylic acid in the organic layer served as the carrier (2,3). 

Kirch and Lehn have studied selective alkali metal transport through a liquid membrane using [2.2.2], [3.2.2], [3.3.3], and [2.2.C8] (146, 150). Various cryptated alkali metal picrates were transported from an in to an out aqueous phase through a bulk liquid chloroform membrane. While carrier cation pairs which form very stable complexes display efficient extraction of the salt into the organic phase, the relative rates of cation transport were not proportional to extraction efficiency and complex stability (in contrast to antibiotic-mediated transport across a bulk liquid membrane). Thus it is [2.2.Ca] which functions as a specific potassium ion carrier, while [2.2.2] is a specific potassium ion receptor (Table VI). 

Shamsipur M, Mashhadizadeh MH, and Azimi G. Highly selective and efficient transport of mercury(II) ions across a bulk liquid membrane containing tetrathia-12-crown4 as a specific ion carrier. Sep Purif Technol, 2002 27(2) 155-161. 

Scrimin P, Tonellato U, and Zanta N. Cu(II) mediated selective transport of a-amino acids across a bulk liquid membrane using a chiral lipophilic ligand as a carrier. Tetrahedron Lett, 1988 29(39) 4967M-970. 

Ramakumar, J., Nayak, S.K., and Maiti, B., Transport of uranyl ion across a bulk liquid membrane using calixarene and synergistic agents as carriers. J. Membr. Sci., 2002, 196 203-210. 

In the present paper, we examine the influence of structural variation within series of crown ether carboxylic acid and crown ether phosphonic acid monoalkyl ester carriers upon the selectivity and efficiency of alkali metal transport across three types of liquid organic membranes. Structural variations within the carriers include the polyether ring size, the lipophilic group attachment site and the basicity of ethereal oxygens. The three membrane types are bulk liquid membranes, liquid surfactant (emulsion) membranes and polymer-supported liquid membranes. 

C.S. Kedari, S.S. Pandit, A. Ramanujam, Studies on the in situ electrooxidation and selective permeation of cerium(IV) across a bulk liquid membrane containing tributyl phosphate as the ion transporter, Sep. Sd. Technol. 34,1999,1907—1923. 

In the recent past liquid membranes were employed for the separation and extraction of materials, and they can be conveniently employed for separating biological materials [129-137], Microemulsions of Winsor I (o/w) and Winsor II (w/o) types are considered dispersed liquid membranes that can augment the transfer of oil-soluble and water-soluble compounds, respectively, across them by trapping them in microdroplets for convenient uptake and subsequent release. The microemulsions (Winsor I and II) are called bulk liquid membranes. They are recent additions in the field of separation science and technology. This field has been fundamentally explored and advanced by Tondre and coworkers [138-147], who worked out the fundamentals of the transport process by studying the transfer of alkali metal picrates and other compounds across the w/o microemulsions [140-142], They also studied the transport of lipophilic compounds (pyrene, perylene, and anthracene) across o/w liquid membranes [138,139],... 

Compounds 23a-23d were tested as tryptophan carriers across bulk model membranes. Transport was conducted with a U-tube that contained a dichloromethane phase between two water phases. At 1 mM concentration, 23a transported 12% of available Trp with only 20% enantioselectivity after 2 h. Increasing transport times led to even less enantioselection. Compounds 23b-23d behave similarly in Trp transport under these conditions. However, reducing the concentration of 23a to 125 XM resulted in greatly enhanced enantioselection (73% ee), though with a reduced rate of transport. These results suggest that 23a can select for the matched L-isomer of tryptophan, but competition with the D-isomer occurs when the concentration of L-Trp becomes depleted. Indeed, HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) experiments revealed that near the membrane interface the concentration of L-Trp is diminished... 

Ramkumar, J., Maiti, B., Mathur, P.K. Dhole, K. (2000) Crown ethers as carriers for the transport of anionic thiocyanate complex of uranyl ion across a bulk liquid membrane. Separation Science and Technology, 35(15), 2535-2541. 

Shamsipur, M., Davarkhah, R, Yamini, Y., Hassani, R. Khanchi, A.R. (2009) Selective facilitated transport of uranium(VI) across a bulk liquid membrane containing benzoyltrifluoroacetone as extractant-carrier. Separation Science and Technology, 44 (11), 2645-2660. 

---