Translational studies

Different structural types of antisense ODN demonstrate different efficacies and specificities in inhibiting targeted mRNA. Stein et al. (60) carried out cell-free translation studies to compare the efficacy and specificity of four antisense structural types DNA, phosphorothioate DNA, 2 -O-methyl RNA, and... 

In the year to come, we plan to perform a translational study in which we adjust the model of nephron dynamics developed for rats to predict the dynamics in other species (such as cats and dogs) and to finally predict the characteristics of... 

Wolf T, Bolt HM, Ottenwalder H. 1989. Nick translation studies on DNA strand breaks in pBR322 plasmid induced by different chromium species. Toxicol Lett 47 295-301. 

Figure 32.9 Translational studies from preclinical to clinical trials.

Experimental Design Experimental design for both in vitro and in vivo translational studies is influenced by the endpoints that will be evaluated in clinical studies. The experimental design should also recognize that new endpoints may need to be evaluated in clinical trials. An example of a preclinical development program for a combined cell-based neo-organ product is presented in Table 35.10. 

Sebti, S.M., and Hamilton, A.D. (2000). Farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase 1 inhibitors and cancer therapy lessons from mechanism and bench-to-bedside translational studies. Oncogene 19 6584-6593. 

Hammond LA, Eckardt JR, Ganapathi R, Burris HA, Rodriguez GA, Eckhardt SG, Rothenberg ML, Weiss GR, Kuhn JG, Hodges S, Von Hoff DD, Rowinsky EK. A phase I and translational study of sequential administration of the topoisomerase I and II inhibitors topotecan and etoposide. Clin Cancer Res 1998 4(6) 1459-67. 

It is recrystd from hot H2O and dried at 100" to constant weight. [Brown J Appl Chem (London) 9 203 1959 Russell et al. J Am Chem Soc 71 2279 1949.] It is used in transcription and translation studies [Rachwitz and Scheit Eur J Biochem 72 191 1977.]... 

Susan Bassnett-McGuire, Translation Studies (London and New York Methuen, 1980), p. 2. 

Moving away from the theory of creative incapacity, my aim is, therefore, to respond to the lacuna in Baudelaire criticism and to pursue the line of enquiry set by translation studies by reassessing the... 

George Steiner advocates a similar approach in After Babel, Aspects of Language and Translation (London, Oxford, New York Oxford University Press, 1975), where he underlines the study of all meaningful exchanges of the totality of semantic communication (including Jakobson s intersemiotic translation or transmutation ) as the most instructive trend in translation studies (p. 279). 

Although Delacroix s wish for an appropriate translator refers to engravings rather than poetry, there is in the above passage the expression of a need for translation of the work of art which echoes the reversal of the debt of interlingual translation studied earlier. This is confirmed by the subsequent statement ... 

Evans CF, Davtyan H, Petrushina I, Hovakimyan A, Davtyan A, Hannaman D et al (2014) Epitope-based DNA vaccine for Alzheimer s disease Translational study in macaques. Alzheimers Dement. 10 284-295... 

Yehuda, R., J.D. Flory, S. Southwick and D.S. Charney. 2006. Developing an agenda for translational studies... 

Translational studies of human BOS have been performed in multiple ani-... 

In summary, the above human studies have demonstrated the importance of chemokines/chemokine receptors in transplantation rejection (Table 1). Furthermore, translational studies in animal models of allograft rejection have demonstrated proof of the principle that chemokines and their interaction with their cell... 

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