Translation initiation sites

Translation Initiation Site. In eukaryotes, if the transcription start site is known, and there is no intron interrupting the 5 UTR, Kozak s rule (Kozak, 1996) probably will locate the correct initiation codon in most cases. Splicing is normally absent in prokaryotes, yet because of the existence of multicitronic operons, promoter location is not the key information. Rather, the key is reliable localization of the ribosome binding site. The TATA sequence about 30 bp from the transcription start site may be used as a possible resource. 

Antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide sequence (5-GTG CTC CAT TGA TGC-3 ) directed toward the translation initiation site of human c-mf-l mRNA (rafAON), complementary sense strand sequence (5 -GCA TCA ATG GAG CAC-3 raf-SON), and mismatch sequence (5 -GTG TTC GAC CTA TGC-3 MM) is custom synthesized at Hybridon Specialty Products (Milford, MA, USA) see Notes 1-3). 

Stormo, G. D., Schneider, T. D. Gold, L. (1982). Use of the perception algorithm to distinguish translational initiation sites in E. coli. Nucleic Acids Res 10,2997-3011. 

Yada, T Sazuka, T. Hirosawa, M. (1997). Analysis of sequence patterns surrounding the translation initiation sites on cyanobacterium genome using the hidden Markov model. DNA Res 4,1-7. 

Pedersen Nielsen, 1997 Translation Initiation Site 3L/FF/BP BIN4/2(Y,N)... 

The initiation codon, usually an AUG, signals the start of translation, and a termination codon marks the end of the translated region. In the analysis of prokaryotic DNA sequences, the signals include the transcriptional and translational initiation sites, the ribosome-binding site, and the transcriptional and translational termination sites. Due to the interrupted nature of the eukaryotic genes, the signals include the translation initiation sites, the intron/exon boundaries (splice sites), translational termination sites, and the polyadenylation sites. 

Pedersen, A. G. Nielsen, H. (1997). Neural network prediction of translation initiation sites in eukaryotes perspectives for EST and genome analysis. Ismb 5,226-33. 

ATATA-TCTAGA -AATAATTTTGTTTAACTTTAAGAAGGAGATATACAT-ATG-first 21 bp of RNase gene, where the first 5 bp provide a clamp for the restriction enzyme, the bold sequence is an Xbal restriction site, and the italicized sequence is the modified vector sequence. The ATG before the RNase sequence provides the translation initiation site. 

Zien, A., Ratsch, G., Mika, S., Scholkopf, B., Lengauer, T. Muller, K. R. (2000). Engineering support vector machine kernels that recognize translation initiation sites. Bioinformatics 16(9), 799-807. 

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