Transit packaging

For agricultural markets, NNZ supplies film and bags, trays and containers, transit packaging, net packaging, paper and cardboard packaging and jute sacks. 

For industrial markets, NNZ supplies industrial bulk containers, polyethylene packaging, polypropylene sacks, transit packaging and paper bags. 

Too little attention is usually paid to this important area of packaging. If the transit packaging is poorly designed then the product will not reach the market in usable condition. This automatically puts up costs and leads to intense customer dissatisfaction. There are several types and structures of boards for casing. 

If the printer is equipped to read either type of code then ensure that all labels are read, not just one line of codes on an unslit label reel, for example. This last reading should take place as the final act of inspection just prior to the labels being securely wrapped and sealed into their transit packaging ready for dispatch. 

Outer or transit packaging can occasionally contribute to changes in the primary pack or the product. External wrapping materials may contain various migratory constituents, e.g. when a shrink or stretch film is in intimate contact with a primary pack or plastic components of a device. Odorous board, adhesives, printing inks on external packaging have also been known to cause flavour and/or odour changes. 

Texas Instruments saves 8 million each year by reducing its transit packaging budget for its semiconductor business through source reduction, recychng and use of reusable packaging systems... 

Another test protocol is that specified by the International Safe Transit Association (ISTA), East Lansing, Michigan. This also simulates transportation and handhng conditions. Transportation companies—truck, rail—accept ISTA test results and will transport packages bearing the ISTA marks. 

One way to do so is to look at the normal mode corresponding to the imaginary frequency and determine whether the displacements that compose it tend to lead in the directions of the structures that you think the transition structure connects. The symmetry of the normal mode is also relevant in some cases (see the following example). Animating the vibrations with a chemical visualization package is often very useful. Another, more accurate way to determine what reactants and products the transition structure coimects is to perform an IRC calculation to follow the reaction path and thereby determine the reactants and products explicity this technique is discussed in Chapter 8. 

Dynamic differential thermal analysis is used to measure the phase transitions of the polymer. IR is used to determine the degree of unsaturation in the polymer. Monitoring of the purity and raw is done commercially using gas phase chromatography for fractionization and R1 with UV absorption at 260 nanometers for polystyrene identification and measurement Polystyrene is one of the most widely used plastics because of fabrication ease and the wide spectrum of properties possible. Industries using styrene-based plastics are packaging, appliance, construction, automotive, radio and television, furniture, toy, houseware and baggage. Styrene is also used by the military as a binder in expls and rocket propints... 

Since the photosensitive material and the electronics layer are very thin, the detector is mounted on a mechanical package for structural integrity. This package is thermally matched to the detector so that the detector will not be stretched or compressed during the large transition from room temperature to operating temperature. 

Other than the different approaches mentioned above, commercial packages such as GastroPlus (Simulations Plus, Lancaster, CA) [19] and IDEA (LionBioscience, Inc. Cambridge, MA) [19] are available to predict oral absorption and other pharmacokinetic properties. They are both based on the advanced compartmental absorption and transit (CAT) model [20], which incorporates the effects of drug moving through the gastrointestinal tract and its absorption into each compartment at the same time (see also Chapter 22). 

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